Research

https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/509981

https://doi.org/10.1159/000509981

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32966989/

TITLE:
Individualized Treatment of Tinnitus during Sleep Using Combined Tinnitus Signal and Music

ALTERNATIVE TITLE:
None

DATE:
Wed, 23 Sep 2020 06:00:00 -0400

AUTHORS:
Huseyin Deniz,Yildirim Ahmet Bayazit,Elif Tugba Sarac

SOURCE:
ORL; journal for oto-rhino-laryngology and its related specialties

DESCRIPTION:

CONCLUSION: Stimulation of the auditory and limbic systems during sleep by the tinnitus signal combined with individualized musical melodies seems an alternative, effective, and cheap method in the treatment of tinnitus.

CONTENT:

ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2020 Sep 23:1-6. doi: 10.1159/000509981. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Tinnitus is a widely seen otological symptom that interferes with daily activities and causes discomfort. Tinnitus treatments can be classified into 4 main groups: pharmacological treatments, cognitive and behavioral therapy, psychological treatments, and combined treatment approaches made up of at least 2 of these 3 treatment methods.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess whether it would be possible to develop an individualized treatment method of tinnitus by application of a combined tinnitus signal and music during sleep.

METHODS: Forty-three ears of 30 patients who had subjective tinnitus were included. The patients were evaluated using Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, Visual Analogue Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory. The psychoacoustic parameters of tinnitus, such as tinnitus frequency and loudness, and minimal masking levels, were determined. The patients were asked to select musical melodies that they liked. The tinnitus frequency of each patient was taken as the central frequency according to ANSI 2004. All sound files were prepared as stereo channels, with 16-bit resolution and 44,100 Hz sampling rate. The root mean square power value of the music and the band noise’s average root mean square power value were equalized with the “Amplification” command, and 70% of the music and 30% of wide/narrow-band noise were mixed as a stereo channel by the “Mix Paste” command. The patients were instructed to listen to that individualized music/narrow-band noise (tinnitus signal) for 2 h during sleep for a duration of 6 months.

RESULTS: Tinnitus frequencies of the patients measured prior to treatment and at the second, fourth, and sixth months of follow-up were not significantly different. A statistically significant decrease was seen in tinnitus loudness, minimal masking levels, and residual inhibition during the follow-up. Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores decreased significantly during follow-up, and the number of patients who complained of tinnitus decreased (p < 0.05). The Visual Analogue Scale scores significantly decreased during follow-up (p < 0.05). Beck Depression Inventory scores decreased significantly during follow-up (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Stimulation of the auditory and limbic systems during sleep by the tinnitus signal combined with individualized musical melodies seems an alternative, effective, and cheap method in the treatment of tinnitus. PMID:32966989 | DOI:10.1159/000509981

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:32966989

OTHER ID:
pmid:32966989,doi:10.1159/000509981

PUBLICATION DATE:
Wed, 23 Sep 2020 06:00:00 -0400
2020-09-23

RETRIEVAL DATE :
09/24/20 12:32AM

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32966989/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=1raUxiGThRUW-m52df5Bb_DZzfOiKEExmPo2D4RXGu6sfr6ozK&fc=20200430165258&ff=20200924003250&v=2.11.5

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000509981

LINK – FULL TEXT:
Pending

NOTES:
None

https://doi.org/10.1044/2020_JSLHR-19-00327

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32946329/

TITLE:
Perceptual Dimensions Underlying Tinnitus-Like Sounds

ALTERNATIVE TITLE:
None

DATE:
Fri, 18 Sep 2020 06:00:00 -0400

AUTHORS:
Jennifer J Lentz,Yuan He

SOURCE:
Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR

DESCRIPTION:

Purpose The goal of this study was to establish the perceptual underpinnings of the terms that are commonly used by patients when describing the quality of their tinnitus. Method Using a free-classification method, 15 subjects with normal hearing placed 60 different tinnitus-like sounds into similarity clusters on a grid. Multidimensional scaling, hierarchical clustering, and acoustic analyses were used to determine the acoustic underpinnings of the perceptual dimensions and perceptual…

CONTENT:

J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2020 Sep 18:1-7. doi: 10.1044/2020_JSLHR-19-00327. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Purpose The goal of this study was to establish the perceptual underpinnings of the terms that are commonly used by patients when describing the quality of their tinnitus. Method Using a free-classification method, 15 subjects with normal hearing placed 60 different tinnitus-like sounds into similarity clusters on a grid. Multidimensional scaling, hierarchical clustering, and acoustic analyses were used to determine the acoustic underpinnings of the perceptual dimensions and perceptual similarity. Results Multidimensional scaling revealed three different perceptual dimensions (pitch, modulation depth + spectral elements, and envelope rate). Hierarchical clustering revealed five explicit similarity clusters: tonal, steady noise, pulsatile, low-frequency fluctuating noise, and high-frequency fluctuating. Conclusions Results are consistent with tinnitus perceptions falling into a small set of categories that can be characterized by their acoustics. As a result, there is the potential to develop different tools to assess tinnitus using a variety of different sounds.

PMID:32946329 | DOI:10.1044/2020_JSLHR-19-00327

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:32946329

OTHER ID:
pmid:32946329,doi:10.1044/2020_JSLHR-19-00327

PUBLICATION DATE:
Fri, 18 Sep 2020 06:00:00 -0400
2020-09-18

RETRIEVAL DATE :
09/18/20 06:26PM

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32946329/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=1raUxiGThRUW-m52df5Bb_DZzfOiKEExmPo2D4RXGu6sfr6ozK&fc=20200430165258&ff=20200918182634&v=2.11.5

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1044/2020_JSLHR-19-00327

LINK – FULL TEXT:
Pending

NOTES:
None

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/40/38/7190

https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1314-19.2020

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32938634/

TITLE:
The Neural Bases of Tinnitus: Lessons from Deafness and Cochlear Implants

ALTERNATIVE TITLE:
None

DATE:
Thu, 17 Sep 2020 06:00:00 -0400

AUTHORS:
Marlies Knipper,Pim van Dijk,Holger Schulze,Birgit Mazurek,Patrick Krauss,Verena Scheper,Athanasia Warnecke,Winfried Schlee,Kerstin Schwabe,Wibke Singer,Christoph Braun,Paul H Delano,Andreas J Fallgatter,Ann-Christine Ehlis,Grant D Searchfield,Matthias H J Munk,David M Baguley,Lukas Rüttiger

SOURCE:
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

DESCRIPTION:

Subjective tinnitus is the conscious perception of sound in the absence of any acoustic source. The literature suggests various tinnitus mechanisms, most of which invoke changes in spontaneous firing rates of central auditory neurons resulting from modification of neural gain. Here, we present an alternative model based on evidence that tinnitus is: (1) rare in people who are congenitally deaf, (2) common in people with acquired deafness, and (3) potentially suppressed by active cochlear…

CONTENT:

J Neurosci. 2020 Sep 16;40(38):7190-7202. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1314-19.2020.

ABSTRACT

Subjective tinnitus is the conscious perception of sound in the absence of any acoustic source. The literature suggests various tinnitus mechanisms, most of which invoke changes in spontaneous firing rates of central auditory neurons resulting from modification of neural gain. Here, we present an alternative model based on evidence that tinnitus is: (1) rare in people who are congenitally deaf, (2) common in people with acquired deafness, and (3) potentially suppressed by active cochlear implants used for hearing restoration. We propose that tinnitus can only develop after fast auditory fiber activity has stimulated the synapse formation between fast-spiking parvalbumin positive (PV+ ) interneurons and projecting neurons in the ascending auditory path and coactivated frontostriatal networks after hearing onset. Thereafter, fast auditory fiber activity promotes feedforward and feedback inhibition mediated by PV+ interneuron activity in auditory-specific circuits. This inhibitory network enables enhanced stimulus resolution, attention-driven contrast improvement, and augmentation of auditory responses in central auditory pathways (neural gain) after damage of slow auditory fibers. When fast auditory fiber activity is lost, tonic PV+ interneuron activity is diminished, resulting in the prolonged response latencies, sudden hyperexcitability, enhanced cortical synchrony, elevated spontaneous γ oscillations, and impaired attention/stress-control that have been described in previous tinnitus models. Moreover, because fast processing is gained through sensory experience, tinnitus would not exist in congenital deafness. Electrical cochlear stimulation may have the potential to reestablish tonic inhibitory networks and thus suppress tinnitus. The proposed framework unites many ideas of tinnitus pathophysiology and may catalyze cooperative efforts to develop tinnitus therapies.

PMID:32938634 | DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1314-19.2020

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:32938634

OTHER ID:
pmid:32938634,doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1314-19.2020

PUBLICATION DATE:
Thu, 17 Sep 2020 06:00:00 -0400
2020-09-17

RETRIEVAL DATE :
09/17/20 12:00PM

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32938634/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=1raUxiGThRUW-m52df5Bb_DZzfOiKEExmPo2D4RXGu6sfr6ozK&fc=20200430165258&ff=20200917120000&v=2.11.5

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1314-19.2020

LINK – FULL TEXT:
Pending

NOTES:
None

https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-alzheimers-disease/jad200728

https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-200728

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32955464/

TITLE:
Proteasome Activity in the Plasma as a Novel Biomarker in Mild Cognitive Impairment with Chronic Tinnitus

ALTERNATIVE TITLE:
None

DATE:
Mon, 21 Sep 2020 06:00:00 -0400

AUTHORS:
Yejin Yun,Sang-Yeon Lee,Won Hoon Choi,Jong-Chan Park,Dong Han Lee,Yun Kyung Kim,Jung Hoon Lee,Jun-Young Lee,Min Jae Lee,Young Ho Kim

SOURCE:
Journal of Alzheimer’s disease : JAD

DESCRIPTION:

CONCLUSION: Our current work provides a new perspective for understanding the potential relationship between circulating proteasomes in the plasma and cognitive dysfunction, suggesting a novel, non-invasive biomarker in the context of MCI diagnosis.

CONTENT:

J Alzheimers Dis. 2020 Sep 11. doi: 10.3233/JAD-200728. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Although the existence of proteasomes in human blood, termed circulating proteasomes (c-proteasomes), has been reported previously, their origin and pathophysiological functions remain largely unknown.

OBJECTIVE: Given that c-proteasome activity was significantly reduced in Alzheimer’s disease model mice and relatively high frequency of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is accompanied by chronic tinnitus in aged patients, we examined whether c-proteasome activity in human plasma was associated with cognitive function in patients with chronic tinnitus.

METHODS: c-Proteasome activity in the plasma of tinnitus patients (N = 56) was measured with fluorogenic reporter substrate, suc-LLVY-AMC. To assess MCI, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment was conducted with a cut-off score of 22/23. All patients underwent audiological and psychoacoustic analyses. Levels of c-proteasomes, Aβ42, and Aβ40 were measured using ELISA, and their association with c-proteasome activity was evaluated.

RESULTS: The activity of circulating proteasomes was significantly lower in patients with chronic tinnitus and MCI (p = 0.042), whereas activities of other plasma enzymes showed little correlation. In addition, c-proteasome activity was negatively associated with the level of plasma Aβ and was directly dependent on its own concentration in the plasma of patients with chronic tinnitus.

CONCLUSION: Our current work provides a new perspective for understanding the potential relationship between circulating proteasomes in the plasma and cognitive dysfunction, suggesting a novel, non-invasive biomarker in the context of MCI diagnosis.

PMID:32955464 | DOI:10.3233/JAD-200728

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:32955464

OTHER ID:
pmid:32955464,doi:10.3233/JAD-200728

PUBLICATION DATE:
Mon, 21 Sep 2020 06:00:00 -0400
2020-09-21

RETRIEVAL DATE :
09/21/20 06:39PM

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32955464/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=1raUxiGThRUW-m52df5Bb_DZzfOiKEExmPo2D4RXGu6sfr6ozK&fc=20200430165258&ff=20200921183919&v=2.11.5

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-200728

LINK – FULL TEXT:
Pending

NOTES:
None

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14992027.2020.1804081?journalCode=iija20

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32787604?dopt=Abstract

TITLE:
A comparison of the severity of tinnitus in patients with and without hearing loss using the tinnitus functional index (TFI).

DESCRIPTION:
A comparison of the severity of tinnitus in patients with and without hearing loss using the tinnitus functional index (TFI).

Int J Audiol. 2020 Aug 13;:1-7

Authors: Mahafza N, Zhao F, El Refaie A, Chen F

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the severity of tinnitus in tinnitus patients with and without hearing loss.

DESIGN AND STUDY SAMPLE: 73 tinnitus patients were included in this study at an audiology clinic in Amman, Jordan. Participants were assigned to two groups according to their hearing status. The severity of tinnitus was evaluated using the Tinnitus Functional Index questionnaire. All participants were interviewed, followed by an otoscopic examination, pure tone audiometry, and tests for admittance and tinnitus matching.

RESULTS: The normal hearing group included 34 participants (46.6%) whose TFI scores were divided as follows: mild annoyance (17), significant annoyance (14), and severe annoyance (3). The sensorineural loss group included 39 participants (53.4%) with mild annoyance (11), significant annoyance (12), and severe annoyance (16). A statistically significant association was found between hearing status and the severity of tinnitus using a Chi-Squared test (x2 = 0.487, p = 0.007). There was no association between tinnitus severity and age or gender.

CONCLUSION: Tinnitus severity was significantly worse in tinnitus patients with a hearing loss than tinnitus patients with normal hearing thresholds. This should be taken into consideration when clinicians are planning counselling and management protocols for individual patients.

PMID: 32787604 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

PMID:
PubMed:32787604

DATE FOUND:
08/14/20 06:03AM

LINK / URL:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32787604?dopt=Abstract

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301008220301489?via%3Dihub

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101893

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32783988/

TITLE:
Uncovering the Contribution of Enhanced Central Gain and Altered Cortical Oscillations to Tinnitus Generation

ALTERNATIVE TITLE:
None

DATE:
Thu, 13 Aug 2020 06:00:00 -0400

AUTHORS:
Sarah H Hayes,Ashley L Schormans,Gregory Sigel,Krystal Beh,Björn Herrmann,Brian L Allman

SOURCE:
Progress in neurobiology

DESCRIPTION:

Various theories and their associated mechanisms have been proposed as the neural basis of phantom sound perception (tinnitus), including central gain enhancement and altered cortical oscillations. However, it remains unknown whether these cortical changes directly cause tinnitus, or simply coexist with the phantom percept. Using chronically-implanted electrodes and drug delivery cannulae in rats, we examined whether enhanced central gain and cortical oscillations are consistent across different…

CONTENT:

Prog Neurobiol. 2020 Aug 9:101893. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101893. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Various theories and their associated mechanisms have been proposed as the neural basis of phantom sound perception (tinnitus), including central gain enhancement and altered cortical oscillations. However, it remains unknown whether these cortical changes directly cause tinnitus, or simply coexist with the phantom percept. Using chronically-implanted electrodes and drug delivery cannulae in rats, we examined whether enhanced central gain and cortical oscillations are consistent across different tinnitus induction methods (noise exposure; salicylate), and if directly-inducing enhanced central gain or altered cortical oscillations via pharmacologic manipulation of inhibition along the auditory pathway would cause behavioral evidence of tinnitus. We show that, while there appeared to be no clear link between tinnitus and the presence of enhanced sound-evoked cortical activity or altered spontaneous cortical oscillations, pharmacologic impairment of GABAergic neurotransmission in the auditory cortex was sufficient to cause tinnitus; collective findings which further advance our understanding of the neural basis of tinnitus.

PMID:32783988 | DOI:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101893

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:32783988

OTHER ID:
pmid:32783988,doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101893

PUBLICATION DATE:
Thu, 13 Aug 2020 06:00:00 -0400
2020-08-14

RETRIEVAL DATE :
08/13/20 11:53AM

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32783988/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=1raUxiGThRUW-m52df5Bb_DZzfOiKEExmPo2D4RXGu6sfr6ozK&fc=20200430165258&ff=20200813115305&v=2.11.5

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101893

LINK – FULL TEXT:
Pending

NOTES:
None

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32748247?dopt=Abstract

TITLE:
Analysis of cerebellum with magnetic resonance 3D T1 sequence in individuals with chronic subjective tinnitus.

DESCRIPTION:
Related Articles

Analysis of cerebellum with magnetic resonance 3D T1 sequence in individuals with chronic subjective tinnitus.

Acta Neurol Belg. 2020 Aug 03;:

Authors: Sahin C, Avnioglu S, Ozen O, Candan B

Abstract

Tinnitus is a symptom in which the patient can hear ringing, buzzing and similar sounds in the ear for 3 months longer. In our study, we aimed to analyse the cerebellum volume and cerebellum connections in patients with chronic tinnitus using VolBrain program. A total number of 10 patients and 10 otherwise healthy peoples records were then enrolled. Volumetric analysis was performed with automated segmentation of the cerebellum and its lobules, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The mean volumes of 10 cerebellar volume were compared between the tinnitus and control groups. Quadrangular lobular portion of the cerebellum, the flocculonodular part and the volume of the central cerebellar lobule were decreased in the tinnitus group. White and grey matter decreased and the amygdala size was increased. We found statistically important volumetric changes in our study. VolBrain can be used in the future for analysing, diagnosis and treatment tinnitus patients. We recommend to use this practical, free of charge and easy programme to analyse for tinnitus patients. This may provide us with practical and useful information about the disease. In patients with tinnitus, the volume loss was 17.48% in the quadrangular lobe, 21% in the central lobule, and 9.33% in the total cerebellum volume.

PMID: 32748247 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

PMID:
PubMed:32748247

DATE FOUND:
08/05/20 06:03AM

LINK / URL:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32748247?dopt=Abstract

https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/8/2412/htm

https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082412

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32731492/

TITLE:
Association between Hyperacusis and Tinnitus

ALTERNATIVE TITLE:
None

DATE:
Fri, 31 Jul 2020 06:00:00 -0400

AUTHORS:
Christopher R Cederroth,Alessandra Lugo,Niklas K Edvall,Andra Lazar,Jose-Antonio Lopez-Escamez,Jan Bulla,Inger Uhlen,Derek J Hoare,David M Baguley,Barbara Canlon,Silvano Gallus

SOURCE:
Journal of clinical medicine

DESCRIPTION:

Many individuals with tinnitus report experiencing hyperacusis (enhanced sensitivity to sounds). However, estimates of the association between hyperacusis and tinnitus is lacking. Here, we investigate this relationship in a Swedish study. A total of 3645 participants (1984 with tinnitus and 1661 without tinnitus) were enrolled via LifeGene, a study from the general Swedish population, aged 18-90 years, and provided information on socio-demographic characteristics, as well as presence of…

CONTENT:

J Clin Med. 2020 Jul 28;9(8):E2412. doi: 10.3390/jcm9082412.

ABSTRACT

Many individuals with tinnitus report experiencing hyperacusis (enhanced sensitivity to sounds). However, estimates of the association between hyperacusis and tinnitus is lacking. Here, we investigate this relationship in a Swedish study. A total of 3645 participants (1984 with tinnitus and 1661 without tinnitus) were enrolled via LifeGene, a study from the general Swedish population, aged 18-90 years, and provided information on socio-demographic characteristics, as well as presence of hyperacusis and its severity. Tinnitus presence and severity were self-reported or assessed using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). Phenotypes of tinnitus with (n = 1388) or without (n = 1044) hyperacusis were also compared. Of 1661 participants without tinnitus, 1098 (66.1%) were women and 563 were men (33.9%), and the mean (SD) age was 45.1 (12.9). Of 1984 participants with tinnitus, 1034 (52.1%) were women and 950 (47.9%) were men, and the mean (SD) age was 47.7 (14.0) years. Hyperacusis was associated with any tinnitus [Odds ratio (OR) 3.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.99-4.13], self-reported severe tinnitus (OR 7.43, 95% CI 5.06-10.9), and THI ≥ 58 (OR 12.1, 95% CI 7.06-20.6). The association with THI ≥ 58 was greater with increasing severity of hyperacusis, the ORs being 8.15 (95% CI 4.68-14.2) for moderate and 77.4 (95% CI 35.0-171.3) for severe hyperacusis. No difference between sexes was observed in the association between hyperacusis and tinnitus. The occurrence of hyperacusis in severe tinnitus is as high as 80%, showing a very tight relationship. Discriminating the pathophysiological mechanisms between the two conditions in cases of severe tinnitus will be challenging, and optimized study designs are necessary to better understand the mechanisms behind the strong relationship between hyperacusis and tinnitus.

PMID:32731492 | DOI:10.3390/jcm9082412

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:32731492

OTHER ID:
pmid:32731492,doi:10.3390/jcm9082412

PUBLICATION DATE:
Fri, 31 Jul 2020 06:00:00 -0400
2020-08-01

RETRIEVAL DATE :
07/31/20 12:03PM

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32731492/?utm_source=MS-Office&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=1raUxiGThRUW-m52df5Bb_DZzfOiKEExmPo2D4RXGu6sfr6ozK&fc=20200430165258&ff=20200731120336&v=2.11.4

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082412

LINK – FULL TEXT:
Pending

NOTES:
None

https://www.advancedotology.org/en/analysis-of-auditory-brainstem-response-change-according-to-tinnitus-duration-in-patients-with-tinnitus-with-normal-hearing-131546

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32784156?dopt=Abstract

TITLE:
Analysis of Auditory Brainstem Response Change, according to Tinnitus Duration, in Patients with Tinnitus with Normal Hearing.

DESCRIPTION:
Related Articles

Analysis of Auditory Brainstem Response Change, according to Tinnitus Duration, in Patients with Tinnitus with Normal Hearing.

J Int Adv Otol. 2020 Aug;16(2):190-196

Authors: Joo JW, Jeong YJ, Han MS, Chang YS, Rah YC, Choi J

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to analyze auditory brainstem response (ABR) waveforms of patients with tinnitus with normal hearing, according to tinnitus duration, and demonstrate the possible pathophysiological mechanisms of tinnitus.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2016 to December 2017, patients who presented to our hospital with tinnitus as their chief complaint were enrolled and reviewed retrospectively. Pure tone audiometry and ABR tests were performed. The patients were classified into three groups according to tinnitus duration: acute (<1 month), subacute (1-6 months), and chronic (>6 months). The amplitudes of waves I and V and the latencies of waves I, III, and V were evaluated. In this study, 177 ears of 128 patients with tinnitus with normal hearing were evaluated.

RESULTS: Wave V amplitude was significantly lower during the subacute phase than during the acute phase. The absolute latency value of wave V was greater during the subacute phase than during the acute phase. The interpeak latency I-V was significantly prolonged during the subacute phase compared with the acute and chronic phases. Wave V amplitude, wave V absolute latency, and interpeak latency I-V varied significantly between cases with a 1-month and 6-month tinnitus history.

CONCLUSION: The compensatory response to tinnitus decreased sharply after 1 month of symptoms. Early tinnitus identification and treatment initiation are recommended.

PMID: 32784156 [PubMed – in process]

PMID:
PubMed:32784156

DATE FOUND:
08/14/20 06:03AM

LINK / URL:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32784156?dopt=Abstract

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/np/2020/5285362/

Research Article | Open Access

Volume 2020 |Article ID 5285362 | 12 pages | https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5285362
Differences in Clinical Characteristics and Brain Activity between Patients with Low- and High-Frequency Tinnitus

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/np/2020/3949161/

https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3949161

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32774354/

TITLE:
Loss of Cochlear Ribbon Synapse Is a Critical Contributor to Chronic Salicylate Sodium Treatment-Induced Tinnitus without Change Hearing Threshold

ALTERNATIVE TITLE:
None

DATE:
Mon, 10 Aug 2020 06:00:00 -0400

AUTHORS:
Wei Zhang,Zhe Peng,ShuKui Yu,Qing-Ling Song,Teng-Fei Qu,Lu He,Ke Liu,Shu-Sheng Gong

SOURCE:
Neural plasticity

DESCRIPTION:

Tinnitus is a common auditory disease worldwide; it is estimated that more than 10% of all individuals experience this hearing disorder during their lifetime. Tinnitus is sometimes accompanied by hearing loss. However, hearing loss is not acquired in some other tinnitus generations. In this study, we injected adult rats with salicylate sodium (SS) (200 mg/kg/day for 10 days) and found no significant hearing threshold changes at 2, 4, 8, 12, 14, 16, 20, or 24 kHz (all p > 0.05). Tinnitus was…

CONTENT:

Neural Plast. 2020 Jul 25;2020:3949161. doi: 10.1155/2020/3949161. eCollection 2020.

ABSTRACT

Tinnitus is a common auditory disease worldwide; it is estimated that more than 10% of all individuals experience this hearing disorder during their lifetime. Tinnitus is sometimes accompanied by hearing loss. However, hearing loss is not acquired in some other tinnitus generations. In this study, we injected adult rats with salicylate sodium (SS) (200 mg/kg/day for 10 days) and found no significant hearing threshold changes at 2, 4, 8, 12, 14, 16, 20, or 24 kHz (all p > 0.05). Tinnitus was confirmed in the treated rats via Behaviour Testing of Acoustic Startle Response (ASR) and Gap Prepulse Inhibition Test of Acoustic Startle Reflex (GPIAS). A immunostaining study showed that there is significant loss of anti-CtBP2 puncta (a marker of cochlear inner hair cell (HC) ribbon synapses) in treated animals in apical, middle, and basal turns (all p < 0.05). The ABR wave I amplitudes were significantly reduced at 4, 8, 12, 14, 16, and 20 kHz (all p < 0.05). No significant losses of outer HCs, inner HCs, or HC cilia were observed (all p > 0.05). Thus, our study suggests that loss of cochlear inner HC ribbon synapse after SS exposure is a contributor to the development of tinnitus without changing hearing threshold.

PMID:32774354 | PMC:PMC7397434 | DOI:10.1155/2020/3949161

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:32774354

OTHER ID:
pmid:32774354,pmc:PMC7397434,doi:10.1155/2020/3949161

PUBLICATION DATE:
Mon, 10 Aug 2020 06:00:00 -0400
2020-08-11

RETRIEVAL DATE :
08/10/20 07:09PM

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32774354/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=1raUxiGThRUW-m52df5Bb_DZzfOiKEExmPo2D4RXGu6sfr6ozK&fc=20200430165258&ff=20200810190905&v=2.11.5

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3949161

LINK – FULL TEXT:
Pending

NOTES:
None

http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2019;volume=21;issue=100;spage=98;epage=107;aulast=Greenberg

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32655063/

The sound-sensitive tinnitus index: Psychometric properties of a scale to assess the impact of tinnitus exacerbated by sound

https://journals.lww.com/otology-neurotology/Abstract/2020/10000/Fluctuations_in_Subjective_Tinnitus_Ratings_Over.37.aspx

https://doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0000000000002759

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32925865/

TITLE:
Fluctuations in Subjective Tinnitus Ratings Over Time: Implications for Clinical Research

ALTERNATIVE TITLE:
None

DATE:
Mon, 14 Sep 2020 06:00:00 -0400

AUTHORS:
Jenny X Chen,Jonathon P Whitton,Aravindakshan Parthasarathy,Kenneth E Hancock,Daniel B Polley

SOURCE:
Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology

DESCRIPTION:

CONCLUSIONS: Tinnitus self-report is inherently variable but can converge on reliable values with extended testing. Repeated, self-directed tinnitus assessments may have implications for identifying malingerers. Further, these findings suggest that extending the baseline phase of tinnitus characterizations will increase the statistical power for future studies focused on tinnitus interventions.

CONTENT:

Otol Neurotol. 2020 Oct;41(9):e1167-e1173. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000002759.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Patients with chronic, subjective tinnitus are often administered a battery of audiometric tests to characterize their tinnitus percept. Even a comprehensive battery, if applied just once, cannot capture fluctuations in tinnitus strength or quality over time. Moreover, subjects experience a learning curve when reporting the detailed characteristics of their tinnitus percept, such that a single assessment will reflect a lack of familiarity with test requirements. We addressed these challenges by programming an automated software platform for at-home tinnitus characterization over a 2-week period.

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective case series.

SETTING: Tertiary referral center, patients’ homes.

INTERVENTIONS: Following an initial clinic visit, 25 subjects with chronic subjective tinnitus returned home with a tablet computer and calibrated headphones to complete questionnaires, hearing tests, and tinnitus psychoacoustic testing. We repeatedly characterized loudness discomfort levels and tinnitus matching over a 2-week period.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcomes included intrasubject variability in loudness discomfort levels, tinnitus intensity, and tinnitus acoustic matching over the course of testing.

RESULTS: Within-subject variability for all outcome measures could be reduced by approximately 25 to 50% by excluding initial measurements and by focusing only on tinnitus matching attempts where subjects report high confidence in the accuracy of their ratings.

CONCLUSIONS: Tinnitus self-report is inherently variable but can converge on reliable values with extended testing. Repeated, self-directed tinnitus assessments may have implications for identifying malingerers. Further, these findings suggest that extending the baseline phase of tinnitus characterizations will increase the statistical power for future studies focused on tinnitus interventions.

PMID:32925865 | DOI:10.1097/MAO.0000000000002759

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:32925865

OTHER ID:
pmid:32925865,doi:10.1097/MAO.0000000000002759

PUBLICATION DATE:
Mon, 14 Sep 2020 06:00:00 -0400
2020-09-14

RETRIEVAL DATE :
09/15/20 01:00AM

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32925865/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=1raUxiGThRUW-m52df5Bb_DZzfOiKEExmPo2D4RXGu6sfr6ozK&fc=20200430165258&ff=20200915010008&v=2.11.5

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0000000000002759

LINK – FULL TEXT:
Pending

NOTES:
None

Originally published: July 3, 2020
doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000002759

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2020.00591/full

https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00591

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32612504/

Evidence of Reorganization of Brain White Matter in Persistent Idiopathic Tinnitus Patients Without Hearing Loss Suggest Close Relationship Between Tinnitus and Limbic System

TITLE:
Reorganization of Brain White Matter in Persistent Idiopathic Tinnitus Patients Without Hearing Loss: Evidence From Baseline Data

ALTERNATIVE TITLE:
None

DATE:
Thu, 02 Jul 2020 06:00:00 -0400

AUTHORS:
Qian Chen,Zhaodi Wang,Han Lv,Pengfei Zhao,Zhenghan Yang,Shusheng Gong,Zhenchang Wang

SOURCE:
Frontiers in neuroscience

DESCRIPTION:

It remains unknown whether tinnitus or tinnitus-related hearing loss (HL) could indirectly impair or reshape the white matter (WM) of the human brain. We aim to explore the possible brain WM change in tinnitus patients without HL and further to investigate their associations with clinical variables. Structural and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of 20 idiopathic tinnitus patients without HL and 22 healthy controls (HCs) were obtained. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and tract-based spatial…

CONTENT:

Chen Q, et al. Front Neurosci 2020.

ABSTRACT

It remains unknown whether tinnitus or tinnitus-related hearing loss (HL) could indirectly impair or reshape the white matter (WM) of the human brain. We aim to explore the possible brain WM change in tinnitus patients without HL and further to investigate their associations with clinical variables. Structural and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of 20 idiopathic tinnitus patients without HL and 22 healthy controls (HCs) were obtained. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis were conducted to investigate the differences in WM volume and integrity between patients and HCs, separately. We extracted WM parameters to determine a sensitive imaging index to differentiate the idiopathic tinnitus patients from the HCs in the early stage. Correlations between the clinical variables and WM indices were also performed in patients. Compared with the controls, the tinnitus patients without HL exhibited significant decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) in the body and genu of corpus callosum (CC), left cingulum (LC) and right cingulum (RC), and right superior longitudinal fasciculus (RSLF) and increase in mean diffusivity (MD) in the body of CC in WM. Moreover, the patients also showed decreases in WM axial diffusivity (AD) in LC, left superior longitudinal fasciculus (LSLF), and right interior cerebellar peduncle (ICP) and increases in radial diffusivity (RD) in the body and genu of CC and RSLF (p < 0.05, voxel-level FWE corrected). Furthermore, the increased RD value of the genu of CC is closely associated with the tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) subscale scores. No WMV changes were detected in tinnitus patients. We combined the altered WM integrity index of body and genu of CC and LC and RSLF as an index to differentiate the two groups and reached a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 77.3%. Our findings suggest that tinnitus without HL is associated with significant alterations of WM integrity. These changes may be irrespective of the duration and other clinical performance. The combination of diffusion indices of body and genu of CC and LC and RSLF might be used as the potential useful imaging index for the diagnosis of persistent idiopathic tinnitus without HL in the early stage. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we identified that tinnitus without HL can result in significant alterations in brain white matter microstructure, and some of the changes were related to the tinnitus severity. The changes in patients’ WM integrity suggested that there is a close relationship between tinnitus and the limbic system. Moreover, the combination of diffusion parameters of body and genu of CC and LC and RSLF could be used as a valuable imaging index for the diagnosis of early persistent idiopathic tinnitus without HL. These findings added new evidence for the understanding of pathophysiological mechanism of tinnitus. PMID:32612504 | PMC:PMC7308730 | DOI:10.3389/fnins.2020.00591

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:32612504

OTHER ID:
pmid:32612504,pmc:PMC7308730,doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00591

PUBLICATION DATE:
Thu, 02 Jul 2020 06:00:00 -0400
2020-07-03

RETRIEVAL DATE :
07/02/20 07:15AM

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32612504/?utm_source=MS-Office&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=1raUxiGThRUW-m52df5Bb_DZzfOiKEExmPo2D4RXGu6sfr6ozK&fc=20200430165258&ff=20200702071500&v=2.9.5

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00591

LINK – FULL TEXT:
Pending

NOTES:
None

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/np/2020/7438461/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32684922?dopt=Abstract

TITLE:
Auditory Neural Plasticity in Tinnitus Mechanisms and Management.

DESCRIPTION:
Related Articles

Auditory Neural Plasticity in Tinnitus Mechanisms and Management.

Neural Plast. 2020;2020:7438461

Authors: Wang K, Tang D, Ma J, Sun S

Abstract

Tinnitus, which is the perception of sound in the absence of a corresponding external acoustic stimulus, including change of hearing and neural plasticity, has become an increasingly important ailment affecting the daily life of a considerable proportion of the population and causing significant burdens for both the affected individuals and society as a whole. Here, we briefly review the epidemiology and classification of tinnitus, and the currently available treatments are discussed in terms of the available evidence for their mechanisms and efficacy. The conclusion drawn from the available evidence is that there is no specific medication for tinnitus treatment at present, and tinnitus management might provide better solutions. Therapeutic interventions for tinnitus should be based on a comprehensive understanding of the etiology and features of individual cases of tinnitus, and more high quality and large-scale research studies are urgently needed to develop more efficacious medications.

PMID: 32684922 [PubMed – in process]

PMID:
PubMed:32684922

DATE FOUND:
07/21/20 06:00AM

LINK / URL:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32684922?dopt=Abstract

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2020.00592/full

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32714128?dopt=Abstract

TITLE:
Aberrant Functional and Causal Connectivity in Acute Tinnitus With Sensorineural Hearing Loss.

DESCRIPTION:
Related Articles

Aberrant Functional and Causal Connectivity in Acute Tinnitus With Sensorineural Hearing Loss.

Front Neurosci. 2020;14:592

Authors: Cai Y, Xie M, Su Y, Tong Z, Wu X, Xu W, Li J, Zhao F, Dang C, Chen G, Lan L, Shen J, Zheng Y

Abstract

Purpose: The neural bases in acute tinnitus remains largely undetected. The objective of this study was to identify the alteration of the brain network involved in patients with acute tinnitus and hearing loss.

Methods: Acute tinnitus patients (n = 24) with hearing loss and age-, sex-, education-matched healthy controls (n = 21) participated in the current study and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. Regional homogeneity and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation were used to investigate the local spontaneous neural activity and functional connectivity (FC), and Granger causality analysis (GCA) was used to analyze the undirected and directed connectivity of brain regions.

Results: Compared with healthy subjects, acute tinnitus patients had a general reduction in FC between auditory and non-auditory brain regions. Based on FC analysis, the superior temporal gyrus (STG) revealed reduced undirected connectivity with non-auditory brain regions including the amygdala (AMYG), nucleus accumbens (NAc), the cerebellum, and postcentral gyrus (PoCG). Using the GCA algorithm, increased effective connectivity from the right AMYG to the right STG, and reduced connectivity from the right PoCG to the left NAc was observed in acute tinnitus patients with hearing loss. The pure-tone threshold was positively correlated with FC between the AMYG and STG, and negatively correlated with FC between the left NAc and the right PoCG. In addition, a negative association between the GCA value from the right PoCG to the left NAc and the THI scores was observed.

Conclusion: Acute tinnitus patients have aberrant FC strength and causal connectivity in both the auditory and non-auditory cortex, especially in the STG, AMYG, and NAc. The current findings will provide a new perspective for understanding the neuropathophysiological mechanism in acute tinnitus.

PMID: 32714128 [PubMed]

PMID:
PubMed:32714128

DATE FOUND:
07/28/20 06:10AM

LINK / URL:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32714128?dopt=Abstract

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1808869420300641?via%3Dihub

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2020.05.006

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32571752/

TITLE:
Mean platelet volume and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in patients with tinnitus: a case-control study

ALTERNATIVE TITLE:
None

DATE:
Tue, 23 Jun 2020 06:00:00 -0400

AUTHORS:
Selçuk Yildiz,Harun Karaca,Sema Zer Toros

SOURCE:
Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology

DESCRIPTION:

CONCLUSION: High mean platelet volume and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio values are associated with idiopathic tinnitus, suggesting the role of vascular pathologies in etiology of tinnitus. Tinnitus may be a sign of underlying systemic or local disorders. Therefore, patients with tinnitus should undergo detailed evaluation including hematological indices.

CONTENT:

Yildiz S, et al. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2020.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Different theories have been proposed on the etiology of tinnitus, including metabolic and audiologic causes. We suggest that mean platelet volume and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio levels change in tinnitus, indicating microcirculatory disturbance and inflammatory process in the etiopathogenesis of tinnitus.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the mean platelet volume and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in patients with tinnitus in comparison to healthy controls.

METHODS: Retrospective case-control study. Two-hundred and eighty-seven patients aged 18-59 years and diagnosed with tinnitus in the Ear, Nose, and Throat Clinic between December 2014 and May 2017 (patient group) and 275 healthy individuals who applied for a hearing screening within the same time period (control group). Demographics, concomitant diseases, laboratory results, and audiometric data were recorded. Mean platelet volume and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio were the outcome measures. Patients with hearing loss due to presbycusis or another reasons, and patients with anatomical disorders in the external and middle ear were excluded from the study by using physical examinations, pure audio audiometry results and radiological imaging. The upper age limit was set at 59 to exclude presbycusis patients.

RESULTS: The ratio of female patients was higher in patient group than control group (58.5%, n=168 vs. 49.4%, n=127; respectively; p=0.033). The mean age of patient group was significantly higher than those of control group (44.89±10.96 years and 38.37±10.65 years, respectively; p=0.001). The percentage of subjects with high mean platelet volume level was significantly higher in patient group than control group (9.4%, n=27, and 3.1%, n=8 respectively; p=0.008). The mean neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio was higher in patients with tinnitus than control group (1.95±1.02 and 1.67±0.57, p=0.012). A neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio level of 2.17 and above is associated with 1.991 times higher risk of tinnitus (odds ratio=1.99, 95% confidence interval 1.31-3.02).

CONCLUSION: High mean platelet volume and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio values are associated with idiopathic tinnitus, suggesting the role of vascular pathologies in etiology of tinnitus. Tinnitus may be a sign of underlying systemic or local disorders. Therefore, patients with tinnitus should undergo detailed evaluation including hematological indices.

PMID:32571752 | DOI:10.1016/j.bjorl.2020.05.006

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:32571752

OTHER ID:
pmid:32571752,doi:10.1016/j.bjorl.2020.05.006

PUBLICATION DATE:
Tue, 23 Jun 2020 06:00:00 -0400
2020-06-24

RETRIEVAL DATE :
06/23/20 06:45AM

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32571752/?utm_source=MS-Office&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=1raUxiGThRUW-m52df5Bb_DZzfOiKEExmPo2D4RXGu6sfr6ozK&fc=20200430165258&ff=20200623064542&v=2.9.2

LINK – DOI:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1808869420300641?via%3Dihub

LINK – FULL TEXT:
Pending

NOTES:
None

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2020.00541/full

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7267018/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32536854/

TITLE:
Altered Topological Patterns of Gray Matter Networks in Tinnitus: A Graph-Theoretical-Based Study

ALTERNATIVE TITLE:
None

DATE:
Mon, 15 Jun 2020 06:00:00 -0400

AUTHORS:
Xiaofeng Lin,Yueyao Chen,Mingxia Wang,Chao Song,Bingling Lin,Xiaoping Yuan,Qingyu Liu,Haidi Yang,Ningyi Jiang

SOURCE:
Frontiers in neuroscience

DESCRIPTION:

CONCLUSION: These findings provided the first morphological evidence of altered topological organization of the brain networks in tinnitus. These alterations suggest that heightened efficiency of the brain network and altered auditory-limbic connection for tinnitus, which could be developed in compensation for the auditory deafferentation, leading to overcompensation and, ultimately, an emotional and cognitive burden.

CONTENT:

Lin X, et al. Front Neurosci 2020.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Tinnitus is a prevalent hearing disorder, which could have a devastating impact on a patient’s life. Functional studies have revealed connectivity pattern changes in the tinnitus brains that suggested a change of network dynamics as well as topological organization. However, no studies have yet provided evidence for the topological network changes in the gray matter. In this research, we aim to use the graph-theoretical approach to investigate the changes of topology in the tinnitus brain using structural MRI data, which could provide insights into the underlying anatomical basis for the neural mechanism in generating phantom sounds.

METHODS: We collected 3D MRI images on 46 bilateral tinnitus patients and 46 age and gender-matched healthy controls. Brain networks were constructed with correlation matrices of the cortical thickness and subcortical volumes of 80 cortical/subcortical regions of interests. Global network properties were analyzed using local and global efficiency, clustering coefficient, and small-world coefficient, and regional network properties were evaluated using the betweenness coefficient for hub connectivity, and interregional correlations for edge properties. Between-group differences in cortical thickness and subcortical volumes were assessed using independent sample t -tests, and local efficiency, global efficiency, clustering coefficient, sigma, and interregional correlation were compared using non-parametric permutation tests.

RESULTS: Tinnitus was found to have increased global efficiency, local efficiency, and cluster coefficient, indicating generally heightened connectivity of the network. The small-world coefficient remained normal for tinnitus, indicating intact small-worldness. Betweenness centrality analysis showed that hubs in the amygdala and parahippocampus were only found for tinnitus but not controls. In contrast, hubs in the auditory cortex, insula, and thalamus were only found for controls but not tinnitus. Interregional correlation analysis further found in tinnitus enhanced connectivity between the auditory cortex and prefrontal lobe, and decreased connectivity of the insula with anterior cingulate gyrus and parahippocampus.

CONCLUSION: These findings provided the first morphological evidence of altered topological organization of the brain networks in tinnitus. These alterations suggest that heightened efficiency of the brain network and altered auditory-limbic connection for tinnitus, which could be developed in compensation for the auditory deafferentation, leading to overcompensation and, ultimately, an emotional and cognitive burden.

PMID:32536854 | PMC:PMC7267018 | DOI:10.3389/fnins.2020.00541

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:32536854

OTHER ID:
pmid:32536854,pmc:PMC7267018,doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00541

PUBLICATION DATE:
Mon, 15 Jun 2020 06:00:00 -0400
2020-06-16

RETRIEVAL DATE :
06/15/20 01:08PM

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32536854/?utm_source=MS-Office&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=1raUxiGThRUW-m52df5Bb_DZzfOiKEExmPo2D4RXGu6sfr6ozK&fc=20200430165258&ff=20200615130848&v=2.8.0

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00541

LINK – FULL TEXT:
Pending

NOTES:
None

https://doi.org/10.1177/2331216520918416

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32436477/

TITLE:
Associations Between Subjective Tinnitus and Cognitive Performance: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

ALTERNATIVE TITLE:
None

DATE:
Thu, 21 May 2020 06:00:00 -0400

AUTHORS:
Nathan A Clarke,Helen Henshaw,Michael A Akeroyd,Bethany Adams,Derek J Hoare

SOURCE:
Trends in hearing

DESCRIPTION:

Tinnitus is the perception of sound in the absence of a corresponding external sound source, and bothersome tinnitus has been linked to poorer cognitive performance. This review comprehensively quantifies the association between tinnitus and different domains of cognitive performance. The review protocol was preregistered and published in a peer-reviewed journal. The review and analyses were reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines….

CONTENT:

Clarke NA, et al. Trends Hear 2020.

ABSTRACT

Tinnitus is the perception of sound in the absence of a corresponding external sound source, and bothersome tinnitus has been linked to poorer cognitive performance. This review comprehensively quantifies the association between tinnitus and different domains of cognitive performance. The review protocol was preregistered and published in a peer-reviewed journal. The review and analyses were reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines. Peer-reviewed literature was searched using electronic databases to find studies featuring participants with tinnitus who had undertaken measures of cognitive performance. Studies were assessed for quality and categorized according to an established cognitive framework. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed on various cognitive domains with potential moderator variables assessed where possible. Thirty-eight records were included in the analysis from a total of 1,863 participants. Analyses showed that tinnitus is associated with poorer executive function, processing speed, general short-term memory, and general learning and retrieval. Narrow cognitive domains of Inhibition and Shifting (within executive function) and learning and retrieval (within general learning and retrieval) were also associated with tinnitus.

PMID:32436477 | DOI:10.1177/2331216520918416

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:32436477

OTHER ID:
pmid:32436477,doi:10.1177/2331216520918416

PUBLICATION DATE:
Thu, 21 May 2020 06:00:00 -0400
2020-05-22

RETRIEVAL DATE :
05/21/20 11:46AM

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32436477/?utm_source=MS-Office&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=1raUxiGThRUW-m52df5Bb_DZzfOiKEExmPo2D4RXGu6sfr6ozK&fc=20200430165258&ff=20200521114555&v=2.7.3

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1177/2331216520918416

LINK – FULL TEXT:
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2331216520918416

NOTES:
None

https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/507274

https://doi.org/10.1159/000507274

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32403111/

TITLE:
Binaural Interaction in Tinnitus Patients

ALTERNATIVE TITLE:
None

DATE:
Wed, 13 May 2020 06:00:00 -0400

AUTHORS:
Takwa A Gabr,Reham M Lasheen

SOURCE:
Audiology & neuro-otology

DESCRIPTION:

CONCLUSIONS: These finding suggest the presence of binaural processing deficits in tinnitus patients at different levels along the ascending auditory pathway.

CONTENT:

Gabr TA and Lasheen RM. Audiol Neurootol 2020.

ABSTRACT

The auditory brainstem response (ABR) is a commonly used objective clinical measure for hearing evaluation. It can be also used to draw conclusions about the functioning of distinct stages of the auditory pathway including the binaural processing stages using the binaural interaction component (BIC) of the ABR.

OBJECTIVE: To study binaural processing in normal hearing subjects complaining of tinnitus.

METHODS: Sixty cases with bilateral normal peripheral hearing were included in this work, divided into 2 groups, i.e., group 1 (comprised of 30 healthy subjects representing the control group) and group 2 (comprised of 30 subjects with tinnitus representing the study group). All of the subjects were submitted to a basic audiological evaluation (including pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, and immittancemetry) and ABR audiometry recorded in monaural and then binaural conditions.

RESULTS: In monaural recording, the tinnitus group showed significantly delayed latencies of waves I, III, and V in addition to significantly reduced wave I and III amplitudes when compared with the controls. Similar significant findings were found when binaural ABR responses were compared between both groups. Comparing BIC between both groups showed significant earlier BIC for latencies of waves I and V in the control group, while the BIC for amplitudes showed similar results in both groups.

CONCLUSIONS: These finding suggest the presence of binaural processing deficits in tinnitus patients at different levels along the ascending auditory pathway.

PMID:32403111 | DOI:10.1159/000507274

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:32403111

OTHER ID:
pmid:32403111,doi:10.1159/000507274

PUBLICATION DATE:
Wed, 13 May 2020 06:00:00 -0400
2020-05-13

RETRIEVAL DATE :
05/14/20 06:13AM

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32403111/?utm_source=MS-Office&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=1raUxiGThRUW-m52df5Bb_DZzfOiKEExmPo2D4RXGu6sfr6ozK&fc=20200430165258&ff=20200514061302&v=2.6.2

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000507274

LINK – FULL TEXT:
Pending

NOTES:
None

https://www.oto.theclinics.com/article/S0030-6665(20)30050-5/fulltext

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32381341?dopt=Abstract

TITLE:
Avenue for Future Tinnitus Treatments.

DESCRIPTION:
Avenue for Future Tinnitus Treatments.

Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2020 May 04;:

Authors: Kleinjung T, Langguth B

Abstract

Tinnitus is a common symptom. Standard therapies aim at improving the quality of life and reducing the psychological stress associated with tinnitus. Most interventions have little or no effect on the main symptom. Those affected subjects, however, want such a change and prefer a specific solution, such as pharmacologic therapy to other modalities. Scientific efforts have not yet led to significant improvement in the range of therapies. This article outlines existing efforts and develops ideas on how research for improved tinnitus therapy might look in the future.

PMID: 32381341 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

PMID:
PubMed:32381341

DATE FOUND:
05/09/20 02:28PM

LINK / URL:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32381341?dopt=Abstract

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0030666520300475?via%3Dihub

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32334863?dopt=Abstract

TITLE:
Current Device-based Clinical Treatments for Tinnitus.

DESCRIPTION:
Current Device-based Clinical Treatments for Tinnitus.

Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2020 Apr 22;:

Authors: Sherlock LP, Eisenman DJ

Abstract

Device-based clinical treatments for tinnitus are predominantly sound based and include ear-level sound generators, hearing aids, cochlear implants, and tinnitus treatment devices. They are intended for patients with bothersome tinnitus. Bothersome tinnitus is characterized by problems with sleep, concentration, and mood. Most people with bothersome tinnitus have hearing loss and would benefit from amplification; however, not all patients are willing to use hearing aids. Tinnitus treatment devices are available to assist those who are not good candidates for amplification, and include devices used while sleeping and devices used for specified periods during the day.

PMID: 32334863 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

PMID:
PubMed:32334863

DATE FOUND:
04/27/20 06:03AM

LINK / URL:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32334863?dopt=Abstract

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378595519305313?via%3Dihub

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32591097?dopt=Abstract

“understanding the interplay of molecular and cellular mechanisms associating hearing loss-induced plasticity with tinnitus will enable the development of more effective, reliable, and personalized treatments for tinnitus”

TITLE:
Regulation of auditory plasticity during critical periods and following hearing loss.

DESCRIPTION:
Related Articles

Regulation of auditory plasticity during critical periods and following hearing loss.

Hear Res. 2020 Apr 20;:107976

Authors: Persic D, Thomas ME, Pelekanos V, Ryugo DK, Takesian AE, Krumbholz K, Pyott SJ

Abstract

Sensory input has profound effects on neuronal organization and sensory maps in the brain. The mechanisms regulating plasticity of the auditory pathway have been revealed by examining the consequences of altered auditory input during both developmental critical periods-when plasticity facilitates the optimization of neural circuits in concert with the external environment-and in adulthood-when hearing loss is linked to the generation of tinnitus. In this review, we summarize research identifying the molecular, cellular, and circuit-level mechanisms regulating neuronal organization and tonotopic map plasticity during developmental critical periods and in adulthood. These mechanisms are shared in both the juvenile and adult brain and along the length of the auditory pathway, where they serve to regulate disinhibitory networks, synaptic structure and function, as well as structural barriers to plasticity. Regulation of plasticity also involves both neuromodulatory circuits, which link plasticity with learning and attention, as well as ascending and descending auditory circuits, which link the auditory cortex and lower structures. Further work identifying the interplay of molecular and cellular mechanisms associating hearing loss-induced plasticity with tinnitus will continue to advance our understanding of this disorder and lead to new approaches to its treatment.

PMID: 32591097 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

PMID:
PubMed:32591097

DATE FOUND:
06/28/20 06:00AM

LINK / URL:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32591097?dopt=Abstract

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/early/2020/03/13/JNEUROSCI.2083-19.2020

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32193229/

Cortical Tonotopic Map Changes in Humans are Larger in Hearing Loss than in additional Tinnitus

treatments for tinnitus may need to enhance the cortical plasticity, rather than reverse it

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/hbm.24914

http://pubmed.cn/32154627

Investigating functional changes in the brain to intermittently induced auditory illusions and its relevance to chronic tinnitus

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7010497/

Beyond Hearing Loss: Does Tinnitus Cause Cognitive Impairment?

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnsys.2019.00088/full

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32038184-plasticity-in-limbic-regions-at-early-time-points-in-experimental-models-of-tinnitus/

Plasticity in Limbic Regions at Early Time Points in Experimental Models of Tinnitus

https://journals.lww.com/otology-neurotology/Abstract/publishahead/A_Mouse_Model_of_Tinnitus_Using_Gap_Prepulse.96217.aspx

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31977760?dopt=Abstract

New Mouse Model of Tinnitus Can be Used to Study Both Temporary and Persistent Tinnitus Forms

TITLE:
A Mouse Model of Tinnitus Using Gap Prepulse Inhibition of the Acoustic Startle in an Accelerated Hearing Loss Strain.

DESCRIPTION:
Related Articles

A Mouse Model of Tinnitus Using Gap Prepulse Inhibition of the Acoustic Startle in an Accelerated Hearing Loss Strain.

Otol Neurotol. 2020 Jan 22;:

Authors: Park SY, Kim MJ, Park JM, Park SN

Abstract

HYPOTHESIS: To develop a mouse model for temporary and persistent tinnitus using the gap startle paradigm.

BACKGROUND: Behavioral animal models for tinnitus are classified into conditioning- and reflex-based types. Gap prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle (GPIAS) is based on the acoustic startle modification by a silent gap and gap detection deficit caused by tinnitus gap filling.

METHODS: We used C57BL/6J mice inherently susceptible to hearing loss and potentially predisposed to tinnitus. They were divided into the control, salicylate-induced tinnitus, and noise-induced tinnitus groups. Mice were tested with the auditory brainstem response at four frequencies (8, 16, 24, and 32 kHz) and GPIAS in three carrier conditions, 16 and 24 kHz narrow band noises (NBNs) and broadband noise, at multiple time points before and after treatment. The ratio between the gap startle and no-gap startle amplitudes was analyzed by a repeated measures design. In addition, the number of tinnitus-positive mice meeting a specified criterion was counted.

RESULTS: Salicylate/unilateral noise trauma resulted in temporary/permanent tinnitus evidenced by GPIAS reduction. GPIAS reduction was the most significant at 16 kHz NBN among the three carriers in both tinnitus groups. Control mice also showed good gap detection performance at 16 kHz NBN, which is in the most sensitive hearing range in mice.

CONCLUSION: The GPIAS test in C57BL/6J mice was very reliable at 16 kHz NBN. This tinnitus model developed in the mouse strain of accelerated hearing loss can be used with two options of temporary and persistent tinnitus.

PMID: 31977760 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

PMID:
PubMed:31977760

DATE FOUND:
01/25/20 06:02AM

LINK / URL:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31977760?dopt=Abstract

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00016489.2019.1668569?journalCode=ioto20

Is there an association between the parameters of arterial stifness [sic] and tinnitus?

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221315822030005X?via%3Dihub

A 7 Tesla fMRI Investigation of Human Tinnitus Percept in Cortical and Subcortical Auditory Areas

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8952682

Perceptual Modeling of Tinnitus Pitch and Loudness

https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/504593

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31905364-amplitude-modulated-noise-for-tinnitus-suppression-in-tonal-and-noise-like-tinnitus/

Amplitude Modulated Noise for Tinnitus Suppression in Tonal and Noise-Like Tinnitus

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31926598

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0196070919311123?via%3Dihub

The effect of fibromyalgia treatment on tinnitus.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0145561319893847

Within-Subject Analysis of Auditory Brain Stem Responses in Adults With Unilateral Tinnitus

Our result that ABR changes were not found between tinnitus and non-tinnitus ears implies that tinnitus does not simply originate from the defect of the peripheral auditory system. It conforms to the contemporary theory that a higher level of the brain is involved in the generation of tinnitus.

Abstract

Tinnitus affects about 10% of population worldwide. Most patients present with some degrees of hearing impairment, while others remain normal. The aim of this study was to analyze the latency and amplitude of auditory brain stem response (ABR) waveforms in patients with unilateral tinnitus. The tinnitus ears and non-tinnitus ears were compared for each patient. Sixty-seven patients with single-sided tinnitus were enrolled, including 26 male and 41 female patients with a mean age of 54.4 (age ranged from 22 to 79). Eighteen patients had bilateral normal hearing, while 49 patients had some degree of sensorineural hearing. The ABR waveforms were retrospectively analyzed in terms of waves I, III, and V absolute latency, as well as waves I-III, waves II-V, and waves I-V latency intervals, amplitude, and amplitude ratio (III/I, V/I). Statistical analyses were performed within patients. There was no significant ABR difference between the tinnitus and non-tinnitus ears with regard to all the wave latencies and amplitudes in our patients (all P values >0.1). Our result that ABR changes were not found between tinnitus and non-tinnitus ears implies that tinnitus does not simply originate from the defect of the peripheral auditory system. It conforms to the contemporary theory that a higher level of the brain is involved in the generation of tinnitus.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-56127-1

Corticostriatal functional connectivity of bothersome tinnitus in single-sided deafness

Jennifer Henderson-Sabes, Yingying Shang, Philip L. Perez, Jolie L. Chang, Seth E. Pross, Anne M. Findlay, Danielle Mizuiri, Leighton B. Hinkley, Srikantan S. Nagarajan & Steven W. Cheung

Scientific Reports volume 9, Article number: 19552 (2019) Cite this article

Abstract

Subjective tinnitus is an auditory phantom perceptual disorder without an objective biomarker. Bothersome tinnitus in single-sided deafness (SSD) is particularly challenging to treat because the deaf ear can no longer be stimulated by acoustic means. We contrasted an SSD cohort with bothersome tinnitus (TIN; N = 15) against an SSD cohort with no or non-bothersome tinnitus (NO TIN; N = 15) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). All study participants had normal hearing in one ear and severe or profound hearing loss in the other. We evaluated corticostriatal functional connectivity differences by placing seeds in the caudate nucleus and Heschl’s Gyrus (HG) of both hemispheres. The TIN cohort showed increased functional connectivity between the left caudate and left HG, and left and right HG and the left caudate. Within the TIN cohort, functional connectivity between the right caudate and cuneus was correlated with the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) relaxation subscale. And, functional connectivity between the right caudate and superior lateral occipital cortex, and the right caudate and anterior supramarginal gyrus were correlated with the TFI control subscale. These findings support a striatal gating model of tinnitus and suggest tinnitus biomarkers to monitor treatment response and to target specific brain areas for innovative neuromodulation therapies.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6932986/

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2019.01314/full

Abnormal Spontaneous Neural Activity of the Central Auditory System Changes the Functional Connectivity in the Tinnitus Brain: A Resting-State Functional MRI Study

Tinnitus may be linked to abnormal spontaneous activity in the HAC, which can arise from the neural plasticity induced from the increased functional connectivity between the auditory network, cerebellum, and limbic system.

https://audiologyresearch.org/index.php/audio/article/view/231

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31929867-analysis-of-the-audiological-characteristics-and-comorbidity-in-patients-with-chronic-tinnitus/?from_term=tinnitus&from_sort=date&from_sort_order=&from_size=200&from_pos=3

Analysis of the audiological characteristics and comorbidity in patients with chronic tinnitus

https://asa.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1121/1.5132706

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31795652?dopt=Abstract

Medicines discovery for auditory disorders: Challenges for industry.

J Acoust Soc Am

Related Articles

Medicines discovery for auditory disorders: Challenges for industry.

J Acoust Soc Am. 2019 Nov;146(5):3652

Authors: Cousins RPC

Abstract

Currently, no approved medicines are available for the prevention or treatment of hearing loss. Pharmaceutical industry productivity across all therapeutic indications has historically been disappointing, with a 90% chance of failure in delivering a marketed drug after entering clinical evaluation. To address these failings, initiatives have been applied in the three cornerstones of medicine discovery: target selection, clinical candidate selection, and clinical studies. These changes aimed to enable data-informed decisions on the translation of preclinical observations into a safe, clinically effective medicine by ensuring the best biological target is selected, the most appropriate chemical entity is advanced, and that the clinical studies enroll the correct patients. The specific underlying pathologies need to be known to allow appropriate patient selection, so improved diagnostics are required, as are methodologies for measuring in the inner ear target engagement, drug delivery and pharmacokinetics. The different therapeutic strategies of protecting hearing or preventing hearing loss versus restoring hearing are reviewed along with potential treatments for tinnitus. Examples of current investigational drugs are discussed to highlight key challenges in drug discovery and the learnings being applied to improve the probability of success of launching a marketed medicine.

PMID: 31795652 [PubMed – in process]

PubMed:31795652

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1741-2552/ab57d5

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31726439?dopt=Abstract

Real-time monitoring and regulating auditory cortex alpha activity in patients with chronic tinnitus.

J Neural Eng

Real-time monitoring and regulating auditory cortex alpha activity in patients with chronic tinnitus.

Experimental procedure enables suppression of auditory cortex alpha activity in patients with chronic tinnitus

New EEG-neurofeedback-treatment approach allows self-regulation of auditory cortex alpha activity in patients with chronic tinnitus

J Neural Eng. 2019 Nov 14;:

Authors: Malekshahi A, Malekshahi R, Czornik M, Dax J, Wolpert S, Bauer H, Braun C, Birbaumer N

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Low levels of alpha activity (8-13Hz) mirror a state of enhanced responsiveness, whereas high levels of alpha are a state of reduced responsiveness. Tinnitus is accompanied by reduction of alpha activity in the perisylvian regions compared to normal hearing controls. This reduction might be a key mechanism in the chain of reactions leading to tinnitus. We devised a novel spatial filter as an on-line source monitoring method, which can be used to control alpha activity in the primary auditory cortex. In addition, we designed an innovative experimental procedure to enable suppression of visual and somatosensory alpha, facilitating auditory alpha control during alpha neurofeedback.

APPROACH: An amplitude-modulated auditory stimulation with 40 Hz modulation frequency and 1000 Hz carrier frequency specifically activates the primary auditory cortex. The topography of 40 Hz oscillations depicts the activity of the auditory cortices. We used this map as a spatial filter, which passes the activity originating from the auditory cortex. To suppress superposition of auditory alpha by somatosensory and visual alpha, we used a continuous tactile jaw-stimulation and visual stimulation protocol to suppress somatosensory alpha of regions adjacent to the auditory cortex and visual alpha for local regulation of auditory alpha activity only.

MAIN RESULTS: This novel spatial filter for online detection auditory alpha EEG-activity and the usage of multi-sensory stimulation facilities the appearance of alpha activity from the auditory cortex at the sensor level.

SIGNIFICANCE: The proposed procedure can be used in an EEG-neurofeedback-treatment approach allowing online auditory alpha self-regulation training in patients with chronic tinnitus.

PMID: 31726439 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

PubMed:31726439

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1808869418305779?via%3Dihub

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31753780

Tinnitus and event related potentials: a systematic review

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-51747-z

Published: 29 October 2019
Maladaptive alterations of resting state cortical network in Tinnitus: A directed functional connectivity analysis of a larger MEG data set

Evangelos Paraskevopoulos, Christian Dobel, Andreas Wollbrink, Vasiliki Salvari, Panagiotis D. Bamidis & Christo Pantev
Scientific Reports volume 9, Article number: 15452 (2019) Cite this article

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378595519300760?via%3Dihub

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31683074-missed-hearing-loss-in-tinnitus-patients-with-normal-audiograms/

Missed Hearing Loss in Tinnitus Patients With Normal Audiograms

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00405-019-05658-4

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31542831

Assessment of auditory working memory in normal hearing adults with tinnitus.

tinnitus disrupts the functioning of auditory working memory

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31271756

https://www.cell.com/neuron/fulltext/S0896-6273(19)30433-7?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0896627319304337%3Fshowall%3Dtrue#articleInformation

Mechanisms of Noise-Induced Tinnitus: Insights from Cellular Studies

Tinnitus, sound perception in the absence of physical stimuli, occurs in 15% of the population and is the top-reported disability for soldiers after combat. Noise overexposure is a major factor associated with tinnitus but does not always lead to tinnitus. Furthermore, people with normal audiograms can get tinnitus. In animal models, equivalent cochlear damage occurs in animals with and without behavioral evidence of tinnitus. But cochlear-nerve-recipient neurons in the brainstem demonstrate distinct, synchronized spontaneous firing patterns only in animals that develop tinnitus, driving activity in central brain regions and ultimately giving rise to phantom perception. Examining tinnitus-specific changes in single-cell populations enables us to begin to distinguish neural changes due to tinnitus from those that are due to hearing loss.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6604754/

Toward Personalized Tinnitus Treatment: An Exploratory Study Based on Internet Crowdsensing