Research

CATEGORY:
Research

TITLE:
Striatal networks for tinnitus treatment targeting

DESCRIPTION:
Neuromodulation treatment effect size for bothersome tinnitus may be larger and more predictable by adopting a target selection approach guided by personalized striatal networks or functional connectivity maps. Several corticostriatal mechanisms are likely to play a role in tinnitus, including the dorsal/ventral striatum and the putamen. We examined whether significant tinnitus treatment response by deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the caudate nucleus may be related to striatal network increased…

CONTENT:
Hum Brain Mapp. 2021 Oct 5. doi: 10.1002/hbm.25676. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Neuromodulation treatment effect size for bothersome tinnitus may be larger and more predictable by adopting a target selection approach guided by personalized striatal networks or functional connectivity maps. Several corticostriatal mechanisms are likely to play a role in tinnitus, including the dorsal/ventral striatum and the putamen. We examined whether significant tinnitus treatment response by deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the caudate nucleus may be related to striatal network increased functional connectivity with tinnitus networks that involve the auditory cortex or ventral cerebellum. The first study was a cross-sectional 2-by-2 factorial design (tinnitus, no tinnitus; hearing loss, normal hearing, n = 68) to define cohort level abnormal functional connectivity maps using high-field 7.0 T resting-state fMRI. The second study was a pilot case-control series (n = 2) to examine whether tinnitus modulation response to caudate tail subdivision stimulation would be contingent on individual level striatal connectivity map relationships with tinnitus networks. Resting-state fMRI identified five caudate subdivisions with abnormal cohort level functional connectivity maps. Of those, two connectivity maps exhibited increased connectivity with tinnitus networks-dorsal caudate head with Heschl’s gyrus and caudate tail with the ventral cerebellum. DBS of the caudate tail in the case-series responder resulted in dramatic reductions in tinnitus severity and loudness, in contrast to the nonresponder who showed no tinnitus modulation. The individual level connectivity map of the responder was in alignment with the cohort expectation connectivity map, where the caudate tail exhibited increased connectivity with tinnitus networks, whereas the nonresponder individual level connectivity map did not.

PMID:34609038 | DOI:10.1002/hbm.25676

SOURCE:
Human brain mapping

DATE – PUBLISHED:
2021-10-07T16:02:18Z

DATE – DOI: 2021-10-07T16:02:18Z
DATE – PUBMED: 2021 Oct 5
DATE OUTPUT MATCHED: True

DATE – ADDED:
Tue, 05 Oct 2021 06:00:00 -0400

DATE – RETRIEVED:
10/09/21 09:57AM
2021-10-09T09:57:21-04:00

IDENTIFIER:
pmid:34609038,doi:10.1002/hbm.25676

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:34609038

DOI:
10.1002/hbm.25676

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34609038/

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.25676

LINK – PUBLISHER:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hbm.25676

REFERENCES:
Tinnitus Treatment Report, Urgent Research, 2021-10-09T09:57:21-04:00, www.tinnitustreatmentreport.com.

CATEGORY:
Research

TITLE:
Effects of two inhibitors of metabolic glutamate receptor 5 on expression of endogenous homer scaffold protein 1 in the auditory cortex of mice with tinnitus

DESCRIPTION:
Tinnitus is deemed as the result of abnormal neural activities in the brain, and Homer proteins are expressed in the brain that convey nociception. The expression of Homer in tinnitus has not been studied. We hypothesized that expression of Homer in the auditory cortex was altered after tinnitus treatment. Mice were injected with sodium salicylate to induce tinnitus. Expression of Homer was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry…

CONTENT:
Bioengineered. 2021 Dec;12(1):7156-7164. doi: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1979354.

ABSTRACT

Tinnitus is deemed as the result of abnormal neural activities in the brain, and Homer proteins are expressed in the brain that convey nociception. The expression of Homer in tinnitus has not been studied. We hypothesized that expression of Homer in the auditory cortex was altered after tinnitus treatment. Mice were injected with sodium salicylate to induce tinnitus. Expression of Homer was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry assays. We found that Homer1 expression was upregulated in the auditory cortex of mice with tinnitus, while expression of Homer2 or Homer3 exhibited no significant alteration. Effects of two inhibitors of metabolic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), noncompetitive 2-Methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine (MPEP) and competitive α-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine (MCPG), on the tinnitus scores of the mice and on Homer1 expression were detected. MPEP significantly reduced tinnitus scores and suppressed Homer1 expression in a concentration dependent manner. MCPG had no significant effects on tinnitus scores or Homer1 expression. In conclusion, Homer1 expression was upregulated in the auditory cortex of mice after tinnitus, and was suppressed by noncompetitive mGluR5 inhibitor MPEP, but not competitive mGluR5 inhibitor MCPG.

PMID:34546852 | DOI:10.1080/21655979.2021.1979354

SOURCE:
Bioengineered

DATE – PUBLISHED:
2021-09-21T18:28:57Z

DATE – DOI: 2021-09-21T18:28:57Z
DATE – PUBMED:
DATE OUTPUT MATCHED: False

DATE – ADDED:
Tue, 21 Sep 2021 06:00:00 -0400

DATE – RETRIEVED:
09/21/21 07:06PM
2021-09-21T19:06:35-04:00

IDENTIFIER:
pmid:34546852,doi:10.1080/21655979.2021.1979354

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:34546852

DOI:
10.1080/21655979.2021.1979354

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34546852/

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2021.1979354

LINK – PUBLISHER:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21655979.2021.1979354

REFERENCES:
Tinnitus Treatment Report, Urgent Research, 2021-09-21T19:06:35-04:00, www.tinnitustreatmentreport.com.

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(21)00360-6/fulltext

https://arro.anglia.ac.uk/id/eprint/706754/

Efficacy of pharmacologic treatment in tinnitus patients without specific or treatable origin: A network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

COMMENT: Added manually on August 18, 2021

CATEGORY:
Research

TITLE:
Simulated transient hearing loss improves auditory sensitivity

DESCRIPTION:
Recently, it was proposed that a processing principle called adaptive stochastic resonance plays a major role in the auditory system, and serves to maintain optimal sensitivity even to highly variable sound pressure levels. As a side effect, in case of reduced auditory input, such as permanent hearing loss or frequency specific deprivation, this mechanism may eventually lead to the perception of phantom sounds like tinnitus or the Zwicker tone illusion. Using computational modeling, the…

CONTENT:
Sci Rep. 2021 Jul 20;11(1):14791. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-94429-5.

ABSTRACT

Recently, it was proposed that a processing principle called adaptive stochastic resonance plays a major role in the auditory system, and serves to maintain optimal sensitivity even to highly variable sound pressure levels. As a side effect, in case of reduced auditory input, such as permanent hearing loss or frequency specific deprivation, this mechanism may eventually lead to the perception of phantom sounds like tinnitus or the Zwicker tone illusion. Using computational modeling, the biological plausibility of this processing principle was already demonstrated. Here, we provide experimental results that further support the stochastic resonance model of auditory perception. In particular, Mongolian gerbils were exposed to moderate intensity, non-damaging long-term notched noise, which mimics hearing loss for frequencies within the notch. Remarkably, the animals developed significantly increased sensitivity, i.e. improved hearing thresholds, for the frequency centered within the notch, but not for frequencies outside the notch. In addition, most animals treated with the new paradigm showed identical behavioral signs of phantom sound perception (tinnitus) as animals with acoustic trauma induced tinnitus. In contrast, animals treated with broadband noise as a control condition did not show any significant threshold change, nor behavioral signs of phantom sound perception.

PMID:34285327 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-94429-5

SOURCE:
Scientific reports

DATE – PUBLISHED:
2021-07-20T11:03:24Z

DATE – DOI: 2021-07-20T11:03:24Z
DATE – PUBMED: 2021 Jul 20
DATE OUTPUT MATCHED: True

DATE – ADDED:
Wed, 21 Jul 2021 06:00:00 -0400

DATE – RETRIEVED:
07/21/21 07:55AM
2021-07-21T07:55:41-04:00

IDENTIFIER:
pmid:34285327,doi:10.1038/s41598-021-94429-5

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:34285327

DOI:
10.1038/s41598-021-94429-5

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34285327/

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94429-5

LINK – PUBLISHER:
http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-94429-5

REFERENCES:
Tinnitus Treatment Report, Urgent Research, 2021-07-21T07:55:41-04:00, www.tinnitustreatmentreport.com.

CATEGORY:
Research

TITLE:
Review of Pharmacotherapy for Tinnitus

DESCRIPTION:
Various medications are currently used in the treatment of tinnitus, including anesthetics, antiarrhythmics, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, antihistamines, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, calcium channel blockers, cholinergic antagonists, NMDA antagonists, muscle relaxants, vasodilators, and vitamins. To date, however, no medications have been specifically approved to treat tinnitus by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In addition, medicines used to treat other diseases, as well as…

CONTENT:
Healthcare (Basel). 2021 Jun 21;9(6):779. doi: 10.3390/healthcare9060779.

ABSTRACT

Various medications are currently used in the treatment of tinnitus, including anesthetics, antiarrhythmics, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, antihistamines, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, calcium channel blockers, cholinergic antagonists, NMDA antagonists, muscle relaxants, vasodilators, and vitamins. To date, however, no medications have been specifically approved to treat tinnitus by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In addition, medicines used to treat other diseases, as well as foods and other ingested materials, can result in unwanted tinnitus. These include alcohol, antineoplastic chemotherapeutic agents and heavy metals, antimetabolites, antitumor agents, antibiotics, caffeine, cocaine, marijuana, nonnarcotic analgesics and antipyretics, ototoxic antibiotics and diuretics, oral contraceptives, quinine and chloroquine, and salicylates. This review, therefore, describes the medications currently used to treat tinnitus, including their mechanisms of action, therapeutic effects, dosages, and side-effects. In addition, this review describes the medications, foods, and other ingested agents that can induce unwanted tinnitus, as well as their mechanisms of action.

PMID:34205776 | DOI:10.3390/healthcare9060779

SOURCE:
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)

DATE – PUBLISHED:
2021-06-21T18:24:05Z

DATE – DOI: 2021-06-21T18:24:05Z
DATE – PUBMED: 2021 Jun 21
DATE OUTPUT MATCHED: True

DATE – ADDED:
Fri, 02 Jul 2021 06:00:00 -0400

DATE – RETRIEVED:
07/02/21 07:26AM
2021-07-02T07:26:00-04:00

IDENTIFIER:
pmid:34205776,doi:10.3390/healthcare9060779

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:34205776

DOI:
10.3390/healthcare9060779

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34205776/

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9060779

LINK – PUBLISHER:
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/9/6/779

REFERENCES:
Tinnitus Treatment Report, Urgent Research, 2021-07-02T07:26:00-04:00, www.tinnitustreatmentreport.com.

https://journals.lww.com/thehearingjournal/Fulltext/2021/06000/The_Neuroscience_and_the_Treatment_of_Tinnitus.6.aspx

The Neuroscience and the Treatment of Tinnitus
Henton, Amanda; Tzounopoulos, Thanos Ph

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33934235/

Auditory thalamus dysfunction and pathophysiology in tinnitus: a predictive network hypothesis

CATEGORY:
Research

TITLE:
What’s the Buzz? The Neuroscience and the Treatment of Tinnitus

DESCRIPTION:
Tinnitus is a pervasive public health issue that affects approximately 15% of the United States population. Similar estimates have also been shown on a global scale, with similar prevalence found in Europe, Asia, and Africa. The severity of tinnitus is heterogeneous, ranging from mildly bothersome to extremely disruptive. In the United States, approximately 10-20% of individuals who experience tinnitus report symptoms that severely reduce their quality of life. Due to the huge personal and…

CONTENT:
Physiol Rev. 2021 Mar 26. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00029.2020. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Tinnitus is a pervasive public health issue that affects approximately 15% of the United States population. Similar estimates have also been shown on a global scale, with similar prevalence found in Europe, Asia, and Africa. The severity of tinnitus is heterogeneous, ranging from mildly bothersome to extremely disruptive. In the United States, approximately 10-20% of individuals who experience tinnitus report symptoms that severely reduce their quality of life. Due to the huge personal and societal burden, in the last twenty years a concerted effort on basic and clinical research has significantly advanced our understanding and treatment of this disorder. Yet, neither full understanding, nor cure exists. We know that tinnitus is the persistent involuntary phantom percept of internally-generated non-verbal noises and tones, which in most cases is initiated, by acquired hearing loss and maintained only when this loss is coupled with distinct neuronal changes in auditory and extra-auditory brain networks. Yet, the exact mechanisms and patterns of neural activity that are necessary and sufficient for the perceptual generation and maintenance of tinnitus remain incompletely understood. Combinations of animal model and human research will be essential in filling these gaps. Nevertheless, the existing progress in investigating the neurophysiological mechanisms has improved current treatment and highlighted novel targets for drug development and clinical trials. The aim of this review is to thoroughly discuss the current state of human and animal tinnitus research, outline current challenges, and highlight new and exciting research opportunities.

PMID:33769102 | DOI:10.1152/physrev.00029.2020

SOURCE:
Physiological reviews

DATE – PUBLISHED:
2021-03-26T13:02:58Z

DATE – DOI: 2021-03-26T13:02:58Z
DATE – PUBMED: 2021 Mar 26
DATE OUTPUT MATCHED: True

DATE – ADDED:
Fri, 26 Mar 2021 06:00:00 -0400

DATE – RETRIEVED:
03/26/21 03:50PM
2021-03-26T15:50:44-04:00

IDENTIFIER:
pmid:33769102,doi:10.1152/physrev.00029.2020

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:33769102

DOI:
10.1152/physrev.00029.2020

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33769102/

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00029.2020

LINK – PUBLISHER:
https://journals.physiology.org/doi/10.1152/physrev.00029.2020

REFERENCES:
Tinnitus Treatment Report, Urgent Research, 2021-03-26T15:50:44-04:00, www.tinnitustreatmentreport.com.

CATEGORY:
Research

TITLE:
The progression of chronic tinnitus over the years

DESCRIPTION:
Little is known about the trajectory of tinnitus over time. This study addressed (1) how often tinnitus remitted in patients with chronic tinnitus; (2) how subjective reported tinnitus characteristics, such as loudness, laterality, and type and measures of burden, such as tinnitus distress, depression, and quality of life, changes over time; (3) how often tinnitus-specific treatments were undertaken and the prevalence of comorbidities, (4) if the number of treatments and comorbidities were…

CONTENT:
Sci Rep. 2021 Feb 18;11(1):4162. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-83068-5.

ABSTRACT

Little is known about the trajectory of tinnitus over time. This study addressed (1) how often tinnitus remitted in patients with chronic tinnitus; (2) how subjective reported tinnitus characteristics, such as loudness, laterality, and type and measures of burden, such as tinnitus distress, depression, and quality of life, changes over time; (3) how often tinnitus-specific treatments were undertaken and the prevalence of comorbidities, (4) if the number of treatments and comorbidities were associated to changes in tinnitus distress over time. Data from 388 patients with chronic tinnitus who visited a tertiary tinnitus clinic between 2012 and 2017 were interrogated via a mail survey in 2018. Tinnitus characteristics were measured with the Tinnitus Sample Case History Questionnaire and numeric rating scales; tinnitus distress with Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and the Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ), depression with the Major Depression Inventory and Quality of life with the World Health Organisation Quality of Life BREF at both time points and the clinical global impression scale. Comorbidities experienced and undertaken treatments were assessed with an in-house survey. Three participants (0.8% of the sample) reported tinnitus remission between both assessments. A decrease in the THI and TQ, and numeric ratings for tinnitus severity, annoyance, unpleasantness, and discomfort was observed, but no differences in tinnitus characteristics, depression, quality of life or overall health status. 64% presented at least one comorbidity, and 88% sought at least on tinnitus-specific treatment. Common comorbidities were psychological and sleeping problems, and the most common interventions were going to the dentist, taking medications, and wearing hearing aids. Our results suggest that full remission of tinnitus is a rare condition, that tinnitus distress on average decreases over time, and that tinnitus characteristics, quality of life, and depression tend to remain unaltered. The high number of interventions and comorbidities displayed minimal association to the changes in tinnitus distress, highlighting the substantial and durable burden of tinnitus sufferers.

PMID:33602995 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-83068-5

SOURCE:
Scientific reports

DATE – PUBLISHED:
2021-02-20T09:59:22Z

DATE – DOI: 2021-02-20T09:59:22Z
DATE – PUBMED: 2021 Feb 18
DATE OUTPUT MATCHED: True

DATE – ADDED:
Fri, 19 Feb 2021 06:00:00 -0500

DATE – RETRIEVED:
02/21/21 02:03PM
2021-02-21T14:03:44-05:00

IDENTIFIER:
pmid:33602995,doi:10.1038/s41598-021-83068-5

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:33602995

DOI:
10.1038/s41598-021-83068-5

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33602995/

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83068-5

LINK – PUBLISHER:
http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-83068-5

REFERENCES:
Tinnitus Treatment Report, Urgent Research, 2021-02-21T14:03:44-05:00, www.tinnitustreatmentreport.com.

CATEGORY:
Research

TITLE:
Pharmacological Evaluation of Drugs in Animal Models of Tinnitus

DESCRIPTION:
Despite the pressing need for effective drug treatments for tinnitus, currently, there is no single drug that is approved by the FDA for this purpose. Instead, a wide range of unproven over-the-counter tinnitus remedies are available on the market with little or no benefit for tinnitus but with potential harm and adverse effects. Animal models of tinnitus have played a critical role in exploring the pathophysiology of tinnitus, identifying therapeutic targets and evaluating novel and existing…

CONTENT:
Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2021 Feb 16. doi: 10.1007/7854_2020_212. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Despite the pressing need for effective drug treatments for tinnitus, currently, there is no single drug that is approved by the FDA for this purpose. Instead, a wide range of unproven over-the-counter tinnitus remedies are available on the market with little or no benefit for tinnitus but with potential harm and adverse effects. Animal models of tinnitus have played a critical role in exploring the pathophysiology of tinnitus, identifying therapeutic targets and evaluating novel and existing drugs for tinnitus treatment. This review summarises and compares the studies on pharmacological evaluation of tinnitus treatment in different animal models based on the pharmacological properties of the drug and provides insights into future directions for tinnitus drug discovery.

PMID:33590458 | DOI:10.1007/7854_2020_212

SOURCE:
Current topics in behavioral neurosciences

DATE – PUBLISHED:
2021-02-18T21:11:17Z

DATE – DOI: 2021-02-18T21:11:17Z
DATE – PUBMED: 2021 Feb 16
DATE OUTPUT MATCHED: True

DATE – ADDED:
Tue, 16 Feb 2021 06:00:00 -0500

DATE – RETRIEVED:
02/19/21 11:29AM
2021-02-19T11:29:00-05:00

IDENTIFIER:
pmid:33590458,doi:10.1007/7854_2020_212

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:33590458

DOI:
10.1007/7854_2020_212

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33590458/

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2020_212

LINK – PUBLISHER:
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/7854_2020_212

REFERENCES:
Tinnitus Treatment Report, Urgent Research, 2021-02-19T11:29:00-05:00, www.tinnitustreatmentreport.com.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378595521000241

Spontaneous firing patterns in the medial geniculate nucleus in a guinea pig model of tinnitus

Highlights

– The thalamus may play an important role in tinnitus generation.
– Patterns of neural activity were investigated in animals with and without tinnitus.
– Tinnitus leads to increased spontaneous firing but no change in burst firing.
– This supports theory of dysfunctional sensory gating in tinnitus.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079612320301618

Metabolic changes in the brain and blood of rats following acoustic trauma, tinnitus and hyperacusis
Department of Neurosurgery, Dunedin Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Available online 19 January 2021.

https://pubs.asha.org/doi/10.1044/2020_AJA-20-00023

Review: Neural Mechanisms of Tinnitus and Hyperacusis in Acute Drug-Induced Ototoxicity

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2020.598406/full

Acute and Long-Term Circuit-Level Effects in the Auditory Cortex After Sound Trauma

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/1/52/htm

Prediction of Acoustic Residual Inhibition of Tinnitus Using a Brain-Inspired Spiking Neural Network Model

CATEGORY:
Research

TITLE:
Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy as a Therapeutic Strategy for Patients With Tinnitus: A Systematic Review

DESCRIPTION:
Purpose This systematic review aimed to analyze the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the severity of tinnitus when compared to no therapy or other modalities of therapies. Method A systematic review protocol was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the Registration Number CRD42019119376. A search was performed in each of the following databases: EMBASE, LILACS, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and…

CONTENT:
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2020 Dec 29:1-20. doi: 10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00066. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Purpose This systematic review aimed to analyze the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the severity of tinnitus when compared to no therapy or other modalities of therapies. Method A systematic review protocol was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the Registration Number CRD42019119376. A search was performed in each of the following databases: EMBASE, LILACS, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ProQuest. The inclusion criteria consisted of studies in adults over 16 years of age, randomized clinical trials in which subjects presented chronic (≥ 6 months) and subjective tinnitus (unilateral or bilateral) as well as with or without bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, and studies that used only LLLT for treatment of tinnitus compared to no-therapy group or other modalities of therapy. No language or time restrictions were stipulated. The references were managed by Endnote Web and Rayyan QCRI. Results After the screening process, seven studies remained that attained the eligibility criteria. Regarding the risk of bias, only one study was categorized as low risk of bias; the six remaining studies were classified as moderate risk of bias. The seven included studies mainly assessed the LLLT effects on tinnitus by Visual Analogue Scale, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, pitch and loudness matching, minimum masking level, and pure-tone audiometry. All the seven selected studies found different degrees of significant results regarding tinnitus severity; however, there was no consensus among the results. Conclusion Even though the LLLT showed positive effects in the tinnitus severity in some studies, it is not possible yet to make any recommendation over its uses for the treatment of tinnitus severity.

PMID:33375822 | DOI:10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00066

SOURCE:
Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR

DATE – PUBLISHED:
2020-12-30T02:46:47Z

DATE – DOI: 2020-12-30T02:46:47Z
DATE – PUBMED: 2020 Dec 29
DATE OUTPUT MATCHED: True

DATE – ADDED:
Wed, 30 Dec 2020 06:00:00 -0500

DATE – RETRIEVED:
12/30/20 11:58AM
2020-12-30T11:58:50-05:00

IDENTIFIER:
pmid:33375822,doi:10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00066

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:33375822

DOI:
10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00066

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33375822/

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00066

LINK – PUBLISHER:
http://pubs.asha.org/doi/10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00066

REFERENCES:
Tinnitus Treatment Report, Urgent Research, 2020-12-30T11:58:50-05:00, www.tinnitustreatmentreport.com.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378595520304299

Subcortical and cortical responses are enlarged in tinnitus patients with hyperacusis compared to those without hyperacusis

CATEGORY:
Research

TITLE:
Gray matter declines with age and hearing loss, but is partially maintained in tinnitus

DESCRIPTION:
The impact of age-related hearing loss extends beyond the auditory pathway and impacts brain areas related to cognitive impairment and even dementia. The presence of tinnitus, a sensation of sound that frequently co-occurs with hearing loss, is additionally linked to cognitive decline. Interestingly, structural neuroimaging studies have reported that hearing loss may precede or modulate the onset of cognitive impairment. In this study, we aimed to disentangle the effects of age, hearing loss,…

CONTENT:
Sci Rep. 2020 Dec 11;10(1):21801. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78571-0.

ABSTRACT

The impact of age-related hearing loss extends beyond the auditory pathway and impacts brain areas related to cognitive impairment and even dementia. The presence of tinnitus, a sensation of sound that frequently co-occurs with hearing loss, is additionally linked to cognitive decline. Interestingly, structural neuroimaging studies have reported that hearing loss may precede or modulate the onset of cognitive impairment. In this study, we aimed to disentangle the effects of age, hearing loss, and tinnitus on gray matter structure. In total, 39 participants with hearing loss and tinnitus, 21 with hearing loss but without tinnitus, and 39 controls were included in this voxel- and surface-based morphometry MRI study. Whole brain volume and surface thickness measures were compared between the groups. Age-related gray matter volume decline was observed in all groups. Several brain areas showed smaller gray matter volume and cortical surface thickness in hearing loss without tinnitus, relative to controls. This reduction was observed both within and outside of the auditory pathway. Interestingly, these reductions were not observed in participants with tinnitus, who had similar hearing loss and were of similar age. Since we have tools to improve hearing loss, hearing screening may aid in the battle against cognitive decline.

PMID:33311548 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-020-78571-0

SOURCE:
Scientific reports

DATE – PUBLISHED:
2020-12-11T12:06:06Z

DATE – DOI: 2020-12-11T12:06:06Z
DATE – PUBMED: 2020 Dec 11
DATE OUTPUT MATCHED: True

DATE – ADDED:
Mon, 14 Dec 2020 06:00:00 -0500

DATE – RETRIEVED:
12/15/20 01:37AM
2020-12-15T01:37:27-05:00

IDENTIFIER:
pmid:33311548,doi:10.1038/s41598-020-78571-0

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:33311548

DOI:
10.1038/s41598-020-78571-0

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33311548/

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78571-0

LINK – PUBLISHER:
http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-78571-0

REFERENCES:
Tinnitus Treatment Report, Urgent Research, 2020-12-15T01:37:27-05:00, www.tinnitustreatmentreport.com.

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/early/2020/12/09/JNEUROSCI.2178-20.2020

Purinergic signaling controls spontaneous activity in the auditory system throughout early development
Travis A. Babola, Sally Li, Zhirong Wang, Calvin J. Kersbergen, Ana Belén Elgoyhen, Thomas M. Coate and Dwight E. Bergles
Journal of Neuroscience 10 December 2020, JN-RM-2178-20; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2178-20.2020

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7762072/

A Review and a Framework of Variables for Defining and Characterizing Tinnitus Subphenotypes

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306987720333351?via%3Dihub

A tale of two tinnituses: Does hearing status influence central tinnitus localization?

Received 7 September 2020, Revised 12 November 2020, Accepted 29 November 2020, Available online 3 December 2020.

CATEGORY:
Research

TITLE:
Tinnitus and auditory cortex: using adapted functional near-infrared spectroscopy to measure resting-state functional connectivity

DESCRIPTION:
CONCLUSION: While many areas for the adapted probes did not reach significance, these data using a highly innovative and newly created probe adapting fNIRS technology to the EAC substantiates our previously published data in human tinnitus and concurrently validates this technology as a useful and expanded brain imaging modality.

CONTENT:
Neuroreport. 2020 Nov 27. doi: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000001561. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Tinnitus, phantom sound perception, arises from aberrant brain activity within auditory cortex. In tinnitus animal models, auditory cortex neurons show increased spontaneous firing and neural synchrony. In humans, similar hyperactivation in auditory cortex has been displayed with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) or increased connectivity between brain regions has also been shown in tinnitus using fNIRS. However, current fNIRS technology utilizes infrared (IR)-sources and IR-detectors placed on the scalp that restricts (~3 cm depth IR penetration) signal capture to outer cerebral cortex due to skin and skull bone. To overcome this limitation, in this proof of concept study, we adapted fNIRS probes to fit in the external auditory canal (EAC) to physically place IR-probes deeper within the skull thereby extracting neural signals from deeper auditory cortex.

METHODS: Twenty adults with tinnitus and 20 nontinnitus controls listened to periods of silence and broadband noise before and after 5 min of silence to calculate RSFC. Concurrent scalp probes over auditory cortex and an adapted probe placed in the right EAC were utilized.

RESULTS: For standard probes, left and right auditory cortex in tinnitus showed increased RSFC to each other and to other nonauditory cortices. Interestingly, adapted fNIRS probes showed trends toward increased RSFC.

CONCLUSION: While many areas for the adapted probes did not reach significance, these data using a highly innovative and newly created probe adapting fNIRS technology to the EAC substantiates our previously published data in human tinnitus and concurrently validates this technology as a useful and expanded brain imaging modality.

PMID:33252478 | DOI:10.1097/WNR.0000000000001561

SOURCE:
Neuroreport

DATE – PUBLISHED:
2020-11-30T19:37:58Z

DATE – DOI: 2020-11-30T19:37:58Z
DATE – PUBMED: 2020 Nov 27
DATE OUTPUT MATCHED: True

DATE – ADDED:
Mon, 30 Nov 2020 06:00:00 -0500

DATE – RETRIEVED:
11/30/20 03:14PM
2020-11-30T15:14:28-05:00

IDENTIFIER:
pmid:33252478,doi:10.1097/WNR.0000000000001561

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:33252478

DOI:
10.1097/WNR.0000000000001561

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33252478/

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1097/WNR.0000000000001561

LINK – PUBLISHER:
https://journals.lww.com/10.1097/WNR.0000000000001561

REFERENCES:
Tinnitus Treatment Report, Urgent Research, 2020-11-30T15:14:28-05:00, www.tinnitustreatmentreport.com.

https://pubs.asha.org/doi/10.1044/2020_AJA-20-00050

Association Between Tinnitus Pitch and Consonant Recognition in Noise

CATEGORY:
Research

TITLE:
Switching Tinnitus-On: Maps and source localization of spontaneous EEG

DESCRIPTION:
CONCLUSIONS: The emergence of new delta, theta and gamma band sources in the inferior temporal gyrus (BA 20), middle temporal gyrus (BA 21) and lateral perirhinal cortex (BA 36) plus the appearance of new delta and theta sources in the ventral entorhinal cortex (BA28) and anterior pole of the temporal lobe (BA 38) may comprise a network capable of evoking the phantom sound of tinnitus by simultaneously engaging brain regions involved in memory, sound recognition, and distress which together…

CONTENT:
Clin Neurophysiol. 2020 Nov 23;132(2):345-357. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.10.023. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To identify the spectrotemporal changes and sources in patients that could “turn on” tinnitus with multichannel electroencephalography (EEG) system.

METHODS: Multichannel EEG was recorded from six patients during the Tinnitus-On and Tinnitus-Off states. The EEG power spectrum and eLORETA-based sources were measured.

RESULTS: There was a global increase in delta and theta during Tinnitus-On plus large changes in alpha 1 and alpha 2. During the Tinnitus-On state, many new sources in delta, theta, alpha 1 and gamma bands emerged in the opposite hemisphere in the inferior temporal gyrus (Brodmann area, BA 20), middle temporal gyrus (BA 21), lateral perirhinal cortex (BA 36), ventral entorhinal cortex (BA 28) and anterior pole of the temporal gyrus (BA 38).

CONCLUSIONS: The emergence of new delta, theta and gamma band sources in the inferior temporal gyrus (BA 20), middle temporal gyrus (BA 21) and lateral perirhinal cortex (BA 36) plus the appearance of new delta and theta sources in the ventral entorhinal cortex (BA28) and anterior pole of the temporal lobe (BA 38) may comprise a network capable of evoking the phantom sound of tinnitus by simultaneously engaging brain regions involved in memory, sound recognition, and distress which together contribute to tinnitus severity.

SIGNIFICANCE: The sudden appearance of new sources of activity in the opposite hemisphere within the inferior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus and perirhinal cortex may initiate the perception of tinnitus perception.

PMID:33450557 | DOI:10.1016/j.clinph.2020.10.023

SOURCE:
Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology

DATE – PUBLISHED:
2020-11-23T17:15:55Z

DATE – DOI: 2020-11-23T17:15:55Z
DATE – PUBMED: 2020 Nov 23
DATE OUTPUT MATCHED: True

DATE – ADDED:
Fri, 15 Jan 2021 06:00:00 -0500

DATE – RETRIEVED:
01/16/21 01:04AM
2021-01-16T01:04:05-05:00

IDENTIFIER:
pmid:33450557,doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2020.10.023

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:33450557

DOI:
10.1016/j.clinph.2020.10.023

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33450557/

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2020.10.023

LINK – PUBLISHER:
https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1388245720305575

REFERENCES:
Tinnitus Treatment Report, Urgent Research, 2021-01-16T01:04:05-05:00, www.tinnitustreatmentreport.com.

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/early/2020/11/16/JNEUROSCI.2023-20.2020

A Gradient of Sharpening Effects by Perceptual Prior across the Human Cortical Hierarchy

CATEGORY:
Research

TITLE:
Objective measurement of tinnitus using functional near-infrared spectroscopy and machine learning

DESCRIPTION:
Chronic tinnitus is a debilitating condition which affects 10-20% of adults and can severely impact their quality of life. Currently there is no objective measure of tinnitus that can be used clinically. Clinical assessment of the condition uses subjective feedback from individuals which is not always reliable. We investigated the sensitivity of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to differentiate individuals with and without tinnitus and to identify fNIRS features associated with…

CONTENT:
PLoS One. 2020 Nov 18;15(11):e0241695. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241695. eCollection 2020.

ABSTRACT

Chronic tinnitus is a debilitating condition which affects 10-20% of adults and can severely impact their quality of life. Currently there is no objective measure of tinnitus that can be used clinically. Clinical assessment of the condition uses subjective feedback from individuals which is not always reliable. We investigated the sensitivity of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to differentiate individuals with and without tinnitus and to identify fNIRS features associated with subjective ratings of tinnitus severity. We recorded fNIRS signals in the resting state and in response to auditory or visual stimuli from 25 individuals with chronic tinnitus and 21 controls matched for age and hearing loss. Severity of tinnitus was rated using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory and subjective ratings of tinnitus loudness and annoyance were measured on a visual analogue scale. Following statistical group comparisons, machine learning methods including feature extraction and classification were applied to the fNIRS features to classify patients with tinnitus and controls and differentiate tinnitus at different severity levels. Resting state measures of connectivity between temporal regions and frontal and occipital regions were significantly higher in patients with tinnitus compared to controls. In the tinnitus group, temporal-occipital connectivity showed a significant increase with subject ratings of loudness. Also in this group, both visual and auditory evoked responses were significantly reduced in the visual and auditory regions of interest respectively. Naïve Bayes classifiers were able to classify patients with tinnitus from controls with an accuracy of 78.3%. An accuracy of 87.32% was achieved using Neural Networks to differentiate patients with slight/ mild versus moderate/ severe tinnitus. Our findings show the feasibility of using fNIRS and machine learning to develop an objective measure of tinnitus. Such a measure would greatly benefit clinicians and patients by providing a tool to objectively assess new treatments and patients’ treatment progress.

PMID:33206675 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0241695

SOURCE:
PloS one

DATE – PUBLISHED:
2020-11-18T18:26:43Z

DATE – DOI: 2020-11-18T18:26:43Z
DATE – PUBMED: 2020 Nov 18
DATE OUTPUT MATCHED: True

DATE – ADDED:
Wed, 18 Nov 2020 06:00:00 -0500

DATE – RETRIEVED:
11/18/20 06:49PM
2020-11-18T18:49:54-05:00

IDENTIFIER:
pmid:33206675,doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0241695

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:33206675

DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0241695

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33206675/

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241695

LINK – PUBLISHER:
https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241695

REFERENCES:
Tinnitus Treatment Report, Urgent Research, 2020-11-18T18:49:54-05:00, www.tinnitustreatmentreport.com.

CATEGORY:
Research

TITLE:
Tinnitus impairs segregation of competing speech in normal-hearing listeners

DESCRIPTION:
Many tinnitus patients report difficulties understanding speech in noise or competing talkers, despite having “normal” hearing in terms of audiometric thresholds. The interference caused by tinnitus is more likely central in origin. Release from informational masking (more central in origin) produced by competing speech may further illuminate central interference due to tinnitus. In the present study, masked speech understanding was measured in normal hearing listeners with or without tinnitus….

CONTENT:
Sci Rep. 2020 Nov 16;10(1):19851. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-76942-1.

ABSTRACT

Many tinnitus patients report difficulties understanding speech in noise or competing talkers, despite having “normal” hearing in terms of audiometric thresholds. The interference caused by tinnitus is more likely central in origin. Release from informational masking (more central in origin) produced by competing speech may further illuminate central interference due to tinnitus. In the present study, masked speech understanding was measured in normal hearing listeners with or without tinnitus. Speech recognition thresholds were measured for target speech in the presence of multi-talker babble or competing speech. For competing speech, speech recognition thresholds were measured for different cue conditions (i.e., with and without target-masker sex differences and/or with and without spatial cues). The present data suggest that tinnitus negatively affected masked speech recognition even in individuals with no measurable hearing loss. Tinnitus severity appeared to especially limit listeners’ ability to segregate competing speech using talker sex differences. The data suggest that increased informational masking via lexical interference may tax tinnitus patients’ central auditory processing resources.

PMID:33199782 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-020-76942-1

SOURCE:
Scientific reports

DATE – PUBLISHED:
2020-11-16T11:14:10Z

DATE – DOI: 2020-11-16T11:14:10Z
DATE – PUBMED: 2020 Nov 16
DATE OUTPUT MATCHED: True

DATE – ADDED:
Tue, 17 Nov 2020 06:00:00 -0500

DATE – RETRIEVED:
11/17/20 12:27PM
2020-11-17T12:27:23-05:00

IDENTIFIER:
pmid:33199782,doi:10.1038/s41598-020-76942-1

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:33199782

DOI:
10.1038/s41598-020-76942-1

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33199782/

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76942-1

LINK – PUBLISHER:
http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-76942-1

REFERENCES:
Tinnitus Treatment Report, Urgent Research, 2020-11-17T12:27:23-05:00, www.tinnitustreatmentreport.com.

CATEGORY:
Research

TITLE:
Within-Subject Comparisons of the Auditory Brainstem Response and Uncomfortable Loudness Levels in Ears With and Without Tinnitus in Unilateral Tinnitus Subjects With Normal Audiograms

EDITED TITLE:
Increased central gain caused by reduced auditory input is a major mechanism of tinnitus but may originate from other pathophysiologic factors rather than from cochlear synaptopathy

DESCRIPTION:
CONCLUSION: Based on these results for UCL, increased central gain is a major mechanism of tinnitus in humans with normal audiograms. However, this compensatory mechanism for reduced auditory input may originate from other pathophysiologic factors rather than from cochlear synaptopathy.

CONTENT:
Otol Neurotol. 2020 Nov 10. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000002867. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether cochlear synaptopathy is a common pathophysiologic cause of tinnitus in individuals with normal audiograms.

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study.

SETTING: Tertiary referral center.

METHODS: We enrolled 27 subjects with unilateral tinnitus and normal symmetric hearing thresholds, and 27 age- and sex-matched control subjects with normal symmetric hearing thresholds. We measured 1) the amplitudes of waves I and V with 90 dB nHL click stimuli in quiet conditions; 2) the latency shift of wave V with 80 dB nHL click stimuli in background noise, varying from 40 dB HL to 70 dB HL; and 3) uncomfortable loudness levels (UCLs) at 500 Hz and 3000 Hz pure tones.

RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the wave V/I amplitude ratio or the latency shift in wave V with increasing noise levels among the tinnitus ears (TEs), nontinnitus ears (NTEs), and control ears. There were no significant differences in UCLs at 500 Hz or 3000 Hz between TEs and NTEs, but the UCLs were lower in TEs (mean 111.3 dB or 104.1 dB) and NTEs (mean 109.4 dB or 100.6 dB) than in control ears (mean 117.9 dB or 114.1 dB, p < 0.017). No subject met our criteria for cochlear synaptopathy or increased central gain in terms of all three parameters. CONCLUSION: Based on these results for UCL, increased central gain is a major mechanism of tinnitus in humans with normal audiograms. However, this compensatory mechanism for reduced auditory input may originate from other pathophysiologic factors rather than from cochlear synaptopathy. PMID:33177407 | DOI:10.1097/MAO.0000000000002867 SOURCE: Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology DATE - PUBLISHED: 2020-11-11T19:59:34Z DATE - DOI: 2020-11-11T19:59:34Z DATE - PUBMED: 2020 Nov 10 DATE OUTPUT MATCHED: True DATE - ADDED: Thu, 12 Nov 2020 06:00:00 -0500 DATE - RETRIEVED: 11/12/20 06:38AM 2020-11-12T06:38:14-05:00 IDENTIFIER: pmid:33177407,doi:10.1097/MAO.0000000000002867 PUBMED ID: pubmed:33177407 DOI: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000002867 LINK - PUBMED: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33177407/ LINK - DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0000000000002867 LINK - PUBLISHER: https://journals.lww.com/10.1097/MAO.0000000000002867 REFERENCES: Tinnitus Treatment Report, Urgent Research, 2020-11-12T06:38:14-05:00, www.tinnitustreatmentreport.com.

CATEGORY:
Research

TITLE:
Tinnitus Symptoms Improve With Sound and Tongue Stimulation

DESCRIPTION:
No abstract

CONTENT:
JAMA. 2020 Nov 10;324(18):1818. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.21628.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:33170224 | DOI:10.1001/jama.2020.21628

SOURCE:
JAMA

DATE – PUBLISHED:
2020-11-10T20:47:34Z

DATE – DOI: 2020-11-10T20:47:34Z
DATE – PUBMED: 2020 Nov 10
DATE OUTPUT MATCHED: True

DATE – ADDED:
Tue, 10 Nov 2020 06:00:00 -0500

DATE – RETRIEVED:
11/10/20 08:01PM
2020-11-10T20:01:46-05:00

IDENTIFIER:
pmid:33170224,doi:10.1001/jama.2020.21628

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:33170224

DOI:
10.1001/jama.2020.21628

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33170224/

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.21628

LINK – PUBLISHER:
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2772741

REFERENCES:
Tinnitus Treatment Report, Urgent Research, 2020-11-10T20:01:46-05:00, www.tinnitustreatmentreport.com.

CATEGORY:
Research

TITLE:
What Makes Tinnitus Loud?

DESCRIPTION:
CONCLUSION: The matched tinnitus loudness and MML values were influenced principally by the extent of hearing loss and related factors, suggesting that rehabilitation using hearing aids could help reduce perception of tinnitus loudness. A psycho-emotional approach might more effectively lessen self-perceived loudness.

CONTENT:
Otol Neurotol. 2020 Nov 6. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000002932. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Tinnitus loudness is a subjective measure, and it does not directly reflect either tinnitus severity or the impact on daily life. Nevertheless, loud tinnitus may be the most frequent clinical complaint of tinnitus patients. Factors contributing to the loudness of the phantom sound have rarely been studied. We evaluated both matched and self-rated loudness in a large sample of patients with tinnitus and analyzed the influencing factors among demographic, hearing, and tinnitus characteristics.

METHODS: Two hundred ninety-nine patients with chronic tinnitus were enrolled. We evaluated the matched loudness, minimal masking level (MML), and visual analog scale (VAS) loudness. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were performed for each loudness measure using independent variables of age, sex, time since tinnitus onset, tinnitus laterality, pure-tone average, tinnitus pitch, tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) score, VAS annoyance, disturbance and daily tinnitus duration, and depression score. We calculated bivariate correlations between each loudness measure and all independent variables.

RESULTS: The psychoacoustic loudness measures (matched loudness and MML) were highly correlated and were affected by the hearing deficit and tinnitus pitch (Pearson r > 0.5 for pure tone averages, and r > 0.3 for tinnitus pitch for both variables, p < 0.05), whereas the subjective measurement (VAS loudness) exhibited little to no correlation with the other two measures and was related to psycho-emotional factors such as the THI score, VAS variables, and depression (Pearson r > 0.6 for VAS annoyance, r > 0.4 for VAS daily duration and disturbance and THI score, r > 0.3 for the depression score, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The matched tinnitus loudness and MML values were influenced principally by the extent of hearing loss and related factors, suggesting that rehabilitation using hearing aids could help reduce perception of tinnitus loudness. A psycho-emotional approach might more effectively lessen self-perceived loudness. PMID:33165158 | DOI:10.1097/MAO.0000000000002932 SOURCE: Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology DATE - PUBLISHED: 2020-11-08T23:02:00Z DATE - DOI: 2020-11-08T23:02:00Z DATE - PUBMED: 2020 Nov 6 DATE OUTPUT MATCHED: True DATE - ADDED: Mon, 09 Nov 2020 06:00:00 -0500 DATE - RETRIEVED: 11/10/20 12:41AM 2020-11-10T00:41:45-05:00 IDENTIFIER: pmid:33165158,doi:10.1097/MAO.0000000000002932 PUBMED ID: pubmed:33165158 DOI: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000002932 LINK - PUBMED: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33165158/ LINK - DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0000000000002932 LINK - PUBLISHER: https://journals.lww.com/10.1097/MAO.0000000000002932 REFERENCES: Tinnitus Treatment Report, Urgent Research, 2020-11-10T00:41:45-05:00, www.tinnitustreatmentreport.com.

CATEGORY:
Research

TITLE:
Effect of age on the gap-prepulse inhibition of the cortical N1-P2 complex in humans as a step towards an objective measure of tinnitus

DESCRIPTION:
The gap-prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex has been widely used as a behavioral method for tinnitus screening in animal studies. The cortical-evoked potential gap-induced inhibition has also been investigated in animals as well as in human subjects. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of age on the cortical N1-P2 complex in the gap-prepulse inhibition paradigm. Fifty-seven subjects, aged 20 to 68 years, without continuous tinnitus, were tested with two effective gap…

CONTENT:
PLoS One. 2020 Nov 5;15(11):e0241136. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241136. eCollection 2020.

ABSTRACT

The gap-prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex has been widely used as a behavioral method for tinnitus screening in animal studies. The cortical-evoked potential gap-induced inhibition has also been investigated in animals as well as in human subjects. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of age on the cortical N1-P2 complex in the gap-prepulse inhibition paradigm. Fifty-seven subjects, aged 20 to 68 years, without continuous tinnitus, were tested with two effective gap conditions (embedded gap of 50- or 20-ms duration). Retest sessions were performed within one month. A significant gap-induced inhibition of the N1-P2 complex was found in both gap durations. Age differently affected the inhibition, depending on gap duration. With a 50-ms gap, the inhibition decreased significantly with the increase in age. This age-inhibition relationship was not found when using a 20-ms gap. The results were reproducible in the retest session. Our findings suggest that the interaction between age and gap duration should be considered when applying the gap-induced inhibition of the cortical-evoked potential as an objective measure of tinnitus in human subjects. Further studies with tinnitus patients are warranted to identify gap duration that would minimize the effects of age and maximize the difference in the inhibition between those with and without tinnitus.

PMID:33152745 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0241136

SOURCE:
PloS one

DATE – PUBLISHED:
2020-11-05T18:37:20Z

DATE – DOI: 2020-11-05T18:37:20Z
DATE – PUBMED: 2020 Nov 5
DATE OUTPUT MATCHED: True

DATE – ADDED:
Thu, 05 Nov 2020 06:00:00 -0500

DATE – RETRIEVED:
11/06/20 06:06AM
2020-11-06T06:06:54-05:00

IDENTIFIER:
pmid:33152745,doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0241136

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:33152745

DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0241136

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33152745/

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241136

LINK – PUBLISHER:
https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241136

REFERENCES:
Tinnitus Treatment Report, Urgent Research, 2020-11-06T06:06:54-05:00, www.tinnitustreatmentreport.com.

CATEGORY:
Research

TITLE:
Does the tinnitus pitch correlate with the frequency of hearing loss?

DESCRIPTION:
CONCLUSIONS: The tinnitus pitch fell within the HL area, and was mildly associated with F50.

CONTENT:
Acta Otolaryngol. 2020 Nov 4:1-8. doi: 10.1080/00016489.2020.1837394. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The tonotopic model of tinnitus claims that the tinnitus pitch corresponds to the audiometric edge; the homeostatic model suggests that it falls within the hearing loss (HL) area. The existing evidence mostly supports the homeostatic model, but the relationship between the tinnitus pitch and the HL frequencies has been insufficiently explored.

AIMS/OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between the tinnitus pitch and the audiometric profile in the largest study population to date.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three hundred and ninety-three patients with tonal or narrow-band tinnitus participated. HL frequencies included 30, 40, 50 (F50), 60 dB, and maximum HL. We defined edge frequencies in four different ways according to the existing studies. We assessed the association between all estimated frequencies and the tinnitus pitch using t -tests, Spearman’s correlation, and multiple regression.

RESULTS: All calculated frequencies differed significantly from the tinnitus pitch except for F50. None were correlated with the tinnitus pitch. F50 was the only significant predictor among the estimated frequencies in multiple regression.

CONCLUSIONS: The tinnitus pitch fell within the HL area, and was mildly associated with F50.

SIGNIFICANCE: Our results support the homeostatic tinnitus model, and provide reliable evidence that tinnitus pitch does not correspond to the audiometric edge.

PMID:33146043 | DOI:10.1080/00016489.2020.1837394

SOURCE:
Acta oto-laryngologica

DATE – PUBLISHED:
2020-11-04T10:32:57Z

DATE – DOI: 2020-11-04T10:32:57Z
DATE – PUBMED: 2020 Nov 4
DATE OUTPUT MATCHED: True

DATE – ADDED:
Wed, 04 Nov 2020 06:00:00 -0500

DATE – RETRIEVED:
11/04/20 12:36PM
2020-11-04T12:36:42-05:00

IDENTIFIER:
pmid:33146043,doi:10.1080/00016489.2020.1837394

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:33146043

DOI:
10.1080/00016489.2020.1837394

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33146043/

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1080/00016489.2020.1837394

LINK – PUBLISHER:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00016489.2020.1837394

REFERENCES:
Tinnitus Treatment Report, Urgent Research, 2020-11-04T12:36:42-05:00, www.tinnitustreatmentreport.com.

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2020.553208/full

Front. Neural Circuits
30 October 2020
https://doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2020.553208
A Layer 3→5 Circuit in Auditory Cortex That Contributes to Pre-pulse Inhibition of the Acoustic Startle Response

CATEGORY:
Research

TITLE:
Alterations of brain activity and functional connectivity in transition from acute to chronic tinnitus

DESCRIPTION:
The objective of this study was to investigate alterations to brain activity and functional connectivity in patients with tinnitus, exploring neural features in the transition from acute to chronic phantom perception. Twenty-four patients with acute tinnitus, 23 patients with chronic tinnitus, and 32 healthy controls were recruited. High-density electroencephalography (EEG) was used to explore changes in brain areas and functional connectivity in different groups. When compared with healthy…

CONTENT:
Hum Brain Mapp. 2020 Oct 13. doi: 10.1002/hbm.25238. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to investigate alterations to brain activity and functional connectivity in patients with tinnitus, exploring neural features in the transition from acute to chronic phantom perception. Twenty-four patients with acute tinnitus, 23 patients with chronic tinnitus, and 32 healthy controls were recruited. High-density electroencephalography (EEG) was used to explore changes in brain areas and functional connectivity in different groups. When compared with healthy subjects, acute tinnitus patients had a significant reduction in superior frontal cortex activity across all frequency bands, whereas chronic tinnitus patients had a significant reduction in the superior frontal cortex at beta 3 and gamma frequency bands as well as a significant increase in the inferior frontal cortex at delta-band and superior temporal cortex at alpha 1 frequency band. When compared to the chronic tinnitus group, the acute tinnitus group activity was significantly increased in the middle frontal and parietal gyrus at the gamma-band. Functional connectivity analysis showed that the chronic tinnitus group had increased connections between the parahippocampus gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex, and precuneus when compared with the healthy group. Alterations of local brain activity and connections between the parahippocampus gyrus and other nonauditory areas appeared in the transition from acute to chronic tinnitus. This indicates that the appearance and development of tinnitus is a dynamic process involving aberrant local neural activity and abnormal connectivity in multifunctional brain networks.

PMID:33090584 | DOI:10.1002/hbm.25238

SOURCE:
Human brain mapping

DATE – PUBLISHED:
2020-10-13T17:36:17Z

DATE – DOI: 2020-10-13T17:36:17Z
DATE – PUBMED: 2020 Oct 13
DATE OUTPUT MATCHED: True

DATE – ADDED:
Thu, 22 Oct 2020 06:00:00 -0400

DATE – RETRIEVED:
10/22/20 07:02PM
2020-10-22T19:02:20-04:00

IDENTIFIER:
pmid:33090584,doi:10.1002/hbm.25238

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:33090584

DOI:
10.1002/hbm.25238

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33090584/

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.25238

LINK – PUBLISHER:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hbm.25238

REFERENCES:
Tinnitus Treatment Report, Urgent Research, 2020-10-22T19:02:20-04:00, www.tinnitustreatmentreport.com.

CATEGORY:
Research

TITLE:
Noise Induced Hearing Loss and Tinnitus-New Research Developments and Remaining Gaps in Disease Assessment, Treatment, and Prevention

DESCRIPTION:
Long-term noise exposure often results in noise induced hearing loss (NIHL). Tinnitus, the generation of phantom sounds, can also result from noise exposure, although understanding of its underlying mechanisms are limited. Recent studies, however, are shedding light on the neural processes involved in NIHL and tinnitus, leading to potential new and innovative treatments. This review focuses on the assessment of NIHL, available treatments, and development of new pharmacologic and…

CONTENT:
Brain Sci. 2020 Oct 13;10(10):E732. doi: 10.3390/brainsci10100732.

ABSTRACT

Long-term noise exposure often results in noise induced hearing loss (NIHL). Tinnitus, the generation of phantom sounds, can also result from noise exposure, although understanding of its underlying mechanisms are limited. Recent studies, however, are shedding light on the neural processes involved in NIHL and tinnitus, leading to potential new and innovative treatments. This review focuses on the assessment of NIHL, available treatments, and development of new pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatments based on recent studies of central auditory plasticity and adaptive changes in hearing. We discuss the mechanisms and maladaptive plasticity of NIHL, neuronal aspects of tinnitus triggers, and mechanisms such as tinnitus-associated neural changes at the cochlear nucleus underlying the generation of tinnitus after noise-induced deafferentation. We include observations from recent studies, including our own studies on associated risks and emerging treatments for tinnitus. Increasing knowledge of neural plasticity and adaptive changes in the central auditory system suggest that NIHL is preventable and transient abnormalities may be reversable, although ongoing research in assessment and early detection of hearing difficulties is still urgently needed. Since no treatment can yet reverse noise-related damage completely, preventative strategies and increased awareness of hearing health are essential.

PMID:33066210 | DOI:10.3390/brainsci10100732

SOURCE:
Brain sciences

DATE – PUBLISHED:
2020-10-13T13:30:21Z

DATE – DOI: 2020-10-13T13:30:21Z
DATE – PUBMED: 2020 Oct 13
DATE OUTPUT MATCHED: True

DATE – ADDED:
Sat, 17 Oct 2020 06:00:00 -0400

DATE – RETRIEVED:
10/19/20 06:34PM
2020-10-19T18:34:21-04:00

IDENTIFIER:
pmid:33066210,doi:10.3390/brainsci10100732

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:33066210

DOI:
10.3390/brainsci10100732

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33066210/

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10100732

LINK – PUBLISHER:
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/10/10/732

REFERENCES:
Tinnitus Treatment Report, Urgent Research, 2020-10-19T18:34:21-04:00, www.tinnitustreatmentreport.com.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-73402-8

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73402-8

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33009468/

TITLE:
Phenotyping chronic tinnitus patients using self-report questionnaire data: cluster analysis and visual comparison

ALTERNATIVE TITLE:
None

DATE:
Sat, 03 Oct 2020 06:00:00 -0400

AUTHORS:
Uli Niemann,Petra Brueggemann,Benjamin Boecking,Wilhelm Mebus,Matthias Rose,Myra Spiliopoulou,Birgit Mazurek

SOURCE:
Scientific reports

DESCRIPTION:

Chronic tinnitus is a complex, multi-factorial symptom that requires careful assessment and management. Evidence-based therapeutic approaches involve audiological and psychological treatment components. However, not everyone benefits from treatment. The identification and characterisation of patient subgroups (or “phenotypes”) may provide clinically relevant information. Due to the large number of assessment tools, data-driven methods appear to be promising. The acceptance of these empirical…

CONTENT:

Sci Rep. 2020 Oct 2;10(1):16411. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-73402-8.

ABSTRACT

Chronic tinnitus is a complex, multi-factorial symptom that requires careful assessment and management. Evidence-based therapeutic approaches involve audiological and psychological treatment components. However, not everyone benefits from treatment. The identification and characterisation of patient subgroups (or “phenotypes”) may provide clinically relevant information. Due to the large number of assessment tools, data-driven methods appear to be promising. The acceptance of these empirical results can be further strengthened by a comprehensive visualisation. In this study, we used cluster analysis to identify distinct tinnitus phenotypes based on self-report questionnaire data and implemented a visualisation tool to explore phenotype idiosyncrasies. 1228 patients with chronic tinnitus from the Charité Tinnitus Center in Berlin were included. At baseline, each participant completed 14 questionnaires measuring tinnitus distress, -loudness, frequency and location, depressivity, perceived stress, quality of life, physical and mental health, pain perception, somatic symptom expression and coping attitudes. Four distinct patient phenotypes emerged from clustering: avoidant group (56.8%), psychosomatic group (14.1%), somatic group (15.2%), and distress group (13.9%). Radial bar- and line charts allowed for visual inspection and juxtaposition of major phenotype characteristics. The phenotypes differed in terms of clinical information including psychological symptoms, quality of life, coping attitudes, stress, tinnitus-related distress and pain, as well as socio-demographics. Our findings suggest that identifiable patient subgroups and their visualisation may allow for stratified treatment strategies and research designs.

PMID:33009468 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-020-73402-8

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:33009468

OTHER ID:
pmid:33009468,doi:10.1038/s41598-020-73402-8

PUBLICATION DATE:
Sat, 03 Oct 2020 06:00:00 -0400
2020-10-03

RETRIEVAL DATE :
10/04/20 02:15AM

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33009468/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=1raUxiGThRUW-m52df5Bb_DZzfOiKEExmPo2D4RXGu6sfr6ozK&fc=20200430165258&ff=20201004021523&v=2.12.3

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73402-8

LINK – FULL TEXT:
Pending

NOTES:
None

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14992027.2020.1827307

How can sound generating devices support coping with tinnitus?
Shameela Munir &Helen Pryce ORCID Icon
Received 15 Jun 2020, Accepted 16 Sep 2020, Published online: 01 Oct 2020
Download citation https://doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2020.1827307

https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/509981

https://doi.org/10.1159/000509981

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32966989/

TITLE:
Individualized Treatment of Tinnitus during Sleep Using Combined Tinnitus Signal and Music

ALTERNATIVE TITLE:
None

DATE:
Wed, 23 Sep 2020 06:00:00 -0400

AUTHORS:
Huseyin Deniz,Yildirim Ahmet Bayazit,Elif Tugba Sarac

SOURCE:
ORL; journal for oto-rhino-laryngology and its related specialties

DESCRIPTION:

CONCLUSION: Stimulation of the auditory and limbic systems during sleep by the tinnitus signal combined with individualized musical melodies seems an alternative, effective, and cheap method in the treatment of tinnitus.

CONTENT:

ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2020 Sep 23:1-6. doi: 10.1159/000509981. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Tinnitus is a widely seen otological symptom that interferes with daily activities and causes discomfort. Tinnitus treatments can be classified into 4 main groups: pharmacological treatments, cognitive and behavioral therapy, psychological treatments, and combined treatment approaches made up of at least 2 of these 3 treatment methods.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess whether it would be possible to develop an individualized treatment method of tinnitus by application of a combined tinnitus signal and music during sleep.

METHODS: Forty-three ears of 30 patients who had subjective tinnitus were included. The patients were evaluated using Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, Visual Analogue Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory. The psychoacoustic parameters of tinnitus, such as tinnitus frequency and loudness, and minimal masking levels, were determined. The patients were asked to select musical melodies that they liked. The tinnitus frequency of each patient was taken as the central frequency according to ANSI 2004. All sound files were prepared as stereo channels, with 16-bit resolution and 44,100 Hz sampling rate. The root mean square power value of the music and the band noise’s average root mean square power value were equalized with the “Amplification” command, and 70% of the music and 30% of wide/narrow-band noise were mixed as a stereo channel by the “Mix Paste” command. The patients were instructed to listen to that individualized music/narrow-band noise (tinnitus signal) for 2 h during sleep for a duration of 6 months.

RESULTS: Tinnitus frequencies of the patients measured prior to treatment and at the second, fourth, and sixth months of follow-up were not significantly different. A statistically significant decrease was seen in tinnitus loudness, minimal masking levels, and residual inhibition during the follow-up. Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores decreased significantly during follow-up, and the number of patients who complained of tinnitus decreased (p < 0.05). The Visual Analogue Scale scores significantly decreased during follow-up (p < 0.05). Beck Depression Inventory scores decreased significantly during follow-up (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Stimulation of the auditory and limbic systems during sleep by the tinnitus signal combined with individualized musical melodies seems an alternative, effective, and cheap method in the treatment of tinnitus. PMID:32966989 | DOI:10.1159/000509981

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:32966989

OTHER ID:
pmid:32966989,doi:10.1159/000509981

PUBLICATION DATE:
Wed, 23 Sep 2020 06:00:00 -0400
2020-09-23

RETRIEVAL DATE :
09/24/20 12:32AM

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32966989/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=1raUxiGThRUW-m52df5Bb_DZzfOiKEExmPo2D4RXGu6sfr6ozK&fc=20200430165258&ff=20200924003250&v=2.11.5

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1159/000509981

LINK – FULL TEXT:
Pending

NOTES:
None

https://doi.org/10.1044/2020_JSLHR-19-00327

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32946329/

TITLE:
Perceptual Dimensions Underlying Tinnitus-Like Sounds

ALTERNATIVE TITLE:
None

DATE:
Fri, 18 Sep 2020 06:00:00 -0400

AUTHORS:
Jennifer J Lentz,Yuan He

SOURCE:
Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR

DESCRIPTION:

Purpose The goal of this study was to establish the perceptual underpinnings of the terms that are commonly used by patients when describing the quality of their tinnitus. Method Using a free-classification method, 15 subjects with normal hearing placed 60 different tinnitus-like sounds into similarity clusters on a grid. Multidimensional scaling, hierarchical clustering, and acoustic analyses were used to determine the acoustic underpinnings of the perceptual dimensions and perceptual…

CONTENT:

J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2020 Sep 18:1-7. doi: 10.1044/2020_JSLHR-19-00327. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Purpose The goal of this study was to establish the perceptual underpinnings of the terms that are commonly used by patients when describing the quality of their tinnitus. Method Using a free-classification method, 15 subjects with normal hearing placed 60 different tinnitus-like sounds into similarity clusters on a grid. Multidimensional scaling, hierarchical clustering, and acoustic analyses were used to determine the acoustic underpinnings of the perceptual dimensions and perceptual similarity. Results Multidimensional scaling revealed three different perceptual dimensions (pitch, modulation depth + spectral elements, and envelope rate). Hierarchical clustering revealed five explicit similarity clusters: tonal, steady noise, pulsatile, low-frequency fluctuating noise, and high-frequency fluctuating. Conclusions Results are consistent with tinnitus perceptions falling into a small set of categories that can be characterized by their acoustics. As a result, there is the potential to develop different tools to assess tinnitus using a variety of different sounds.

PMID:32946329 | DOI:10.1044/2020_JSLHR-19-00327

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:32946329

OTHER ID:
pmid:32946329,doi:10.1044/2020_JSLHR-19-00327

PUBLICATION DATE:
Fri, 18 Sep 2020 06:00:00 -0400
2020-09-18

RETRIEVAL DATE :
09/18/20 06:26PM

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32946329/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=1raUxiGThRUW-m52df5Bb_DZzfOiKEExmPo2D4RXGu6sfr6ozK&fc=20200430165258&ff=20200918182634&v=2.11.5

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1044/2020_JSLHR-19-00327

LINK – FULL TEXT:
Pending

NOTES:
None

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/40/38/7190

https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1314-19.2020

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32938634/

TITLE:
The Neural Bases of Tinnitus: Lessons from Deafness and Cochlear Implants

ALTERNATIVE TITLE:
None

DATE:
Thu, 17 Sep 2020 06:00:00 -0400

AUTHORS:
Marlies Knipper,Pim van Dijk,Holger Schulze,Birgit Mazurek,Patrick Krauss,Verena Scheper,Athanasia Warnecke,Winfried Schlee,Kerstin Schwabe,Wibke Singer,Christoph Braun,Paul H Delano,Andreas J Fallgatter,Ann-Christine Ehlis,Grant D Searchfield,Matthias H J Munk,David M Baguley,Lukas Rüttiger

SOURCE:
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

DESCRIPTION:

Subjective tinnitus is the conscious perception of sound in the absence of any acoustic source. The literature suggests various tinnitus mechanisms, most of which invoke changes in spontaneous firing rates of central auditory neurons resulting from modification of neural gain. Here, we present an alternative model based on evidence that tinnitus is: (1) rare in people who are congenitally deaf, (2) common in people with acquired deafness, and (3) potentially suppressed by active cochlear…

CONTENT:

J Neurosci. 2020 Sep 16;40(38):7190-7202. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1314-19.2020.

ABSTRACT

Subjective tinnitus is the conscious perception of sound in the absence of any acoustic source. The literature suggests various tinnitus mechanisms, most of which invoke changes in spontaneous firing rates of central auditory neurons resulting from modification of neural gain. Here, we present an alternative model based on evidence that tinnitus is: (1) rare in people who are congenitally deaf, (2) common in people with acquired deafness, and (3) potentially suppressed by active cochlear implants used for hearing restoration. We propose that tinnitus can only develop after fast auditory fiber activity has stimulated the synapse formation between fast-spiking parvalbumin positive (PV+ ) interneurons and projecting neurons in the ascending auditory path and coactivated frontostriatal networks after hearing onset. Thereafter, fast auditory fiber activity promotes feedforward and feedback inhibition mediated by PV+ interneuron activity in auditory-specific circuits. This inhibitory network enables enhanced stimulus resolution, attention-driven contrast improvement, and augmentation of auditory responses in central auditory pathways (neural gain) after damage of slow auditory fibers. When fast auditory fiber activity is lost, tonic PV+ interneuron activity is diminished, resulting in the prolonged response latencies, sudden hyperexcitability, enhanced cortical synchrony, elevated spontaneous γ oscillations, and impaired attention/stress-control that have been described in previous tinnitus models. Moreover, because fast processing is gained through sensory experience, tinnitus would not exist in congenital deafness. Electrical cochlear stimulation may have the potential to reestablish tonic inhibitory networks and thus suppress tinnitus. The proposed framework unites many ideas of tinnitus pathophysiology and may catalyze cooperative efforts to develop tinnitus therapies.

PMID:32938634 | DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1314-19.2020

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:32938634

OTHER ID:
pmid:32938634,doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1314-19.2020

PUBLICATION DATE:
Thu, 17 Sep 2020 06:00:00 -0400
2020-09-17

RETRIEVAL DATE :
09/17/20 12:00PM

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32938634/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=1raUxiGThRUW-m52df5Bb_DZzfOiKEExmPo2D4RXGu6sfr6ozK&fc=20200430165258&ff=20200917120000&v=2.11.5

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1314-19.2020

LINK – FULL TEXT:
Pending

NOTES:
None

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2020.00997/full

https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.00997

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33041971/

TITLE:
From Acute to Chronic Tinnitus: Pilot Data on Predictors and Progression

ALTERNATIVE TITLE:
None

DATE:
Mon, 12 Oct 2020 06:00:00 -0400

AUTHORS:
Veronika Vielsmeier,Ryan Santiago Stiel,Pingling Kwok,Berthold Langguth,Martin Schecklmann

SOURCE:
Frontiers in neurology

DESCRIPTION:

Little is known about the transition from acute tinnitus to chronic tinnitus. By means of this study, we are attempting to close this gap by presenting prospective pilot data of patients with acute tinnitus, followed by tracking their condition’s trajectory over a period of 6 months. Forty-nine patients presenting with acute tinnitus (duration < 28 days) were recruited in two clinics. We recorded demographic and clinical tinnitus-related data as well as data on personality, health, treatments,...

CONTENT:

Front Neurol. 2020 Sep 11;11:997. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00997. eCollection 2020.

ABSTRACT

Little is known about the transition from acute tinnitus to chronic tinnitus. By means of this study, we are attempting to close this gap by presenting prospective pilot data of patients with acute tinnitus, followed by tracking their condition’s trajectory over a period of 6 months. Forty-nine patients presenting with acute tinnitus (duration < 28 days) were recruited in two clinics. We recorded demographic and clinical tinnitus-related data as well as data on personality, health, treatments, and life-style, during patients' first appearance in the clinic and again three and 6 months thereafter. Standard audiograms were performed at the first and the second visit. Nine (18.4%) patients showed full remission of their tinnitus. These patients differed from patients with a chronic course of tinnitus by shorter tinnitus duration, lower fear-related hyperacusis, higher proportion of female gender, increased ear pressure, and lower levels of alcohol consumption. Among the patients with a chronification of tinnitus, there was no change in tinnitus characteristics. However, their tinnitus distress improved moderately over time. These preliminary data are in line with earlier studies that have shown that only a small proportion of those patients presenting in the clinic with acute tinnitus experience a full remission. The results of this study can be of service in deducing hypotheses for the transition from acute to chronic tinnitus and in developing designs for interventional studies. PMID:33041971 | PMC:PMC7516990 | DOI:10.3389/fneur.2020.00997

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:33041971

OTHER ID:
pmid:33041971,pmc:PMC7516990,doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00997

PUBLICATION DATE:
Mon, 12 Oct 2020 06:00:00 -0400
2020-10-12

RETRIEVAL DATE :
10/12/20 06:25AM

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33041971/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=1raUxiGThRUW-m52df5Bb_DZzfOiKEExmPo2D4RXGu6sfr6ozK&fc=20200430165258&ff=20201012062544&v=2.12.3

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.00997

LINK – FULL TEXT:
Pending

NOTES:
None

https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-alzheimers-disease/jad200728

https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-200728

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32955464/

TITLE:
Proteasome Activity in the Plasma as a Novel Biomarker in Mild Cognitive Impairment with Chronic Tinnitus

ALTERNATIVE TITLE:
None

DATE:
Mon, 21 Sep 2020 06:00:00 -0400

AUTHORS:
Yejin Yun,Sang-Yeon Lee,Won Hoon Choi,Jong-Chan Park,Dong Han Lee,Yun Kyung Kim,Jung Hoon Lee,Jun-Young Lee,Min Jae Lee,Young Ho Kim

SOURCE:
Journal of Alzheimer’s disease : JAD

DESCRIPTION:

CONCLUSION: Our current work provides a new perspective for understanding the potential relationship between circulating proteasomes in the plasma and cognitive dysfunction, suggesting a novel, non-invasive biomarker in the context of MCI diagnosis.

CONTENT:

J Alzheimers Dis. 2020 Sep 11. doi: 10.3233/JAD-200728. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Although the existence of proteasomes in human blood, termed circulating proteasomes (c-proteasomes), has been reported previously, their origin and pathophysiological functions remain largely unknown.

OBJECTIVE: Given that c-proteasome activity was significantly reduced in Alzheimer’s disease model mice and relatively high frequency of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is accompanied by chronic tinnitus in aged patients, we examined whether c-proteasome activity in human plasma was associated with cognitive function in patients with chronic tinnitus.

METHODS: c-Proteasome activity in the plasma of tinnitus patients (N = 56) was measured with fluorogenic reporter substrate, suc-LLVY-AMC. To assess MCI, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment was conducted with a cut-off score of 22/23. All patients underwent audiological and psychoacoustic analyses. Levels of c-proteasomes, Aβ42, and Aβ40 were measured using ELISA, and their association with c-proteasome activity was evaluated.

RESULTS: The activity of circulating proteasomes was significantly lower in patients with chronic tinnitus and MCI (p = 0.042), whereas activities of other plasma enzymes showed little correlation. In addition, c-proteasome activity was negatively associated with the level of plasma Aβ and was directly dependent on its own concentration in the plasma of patients with chronic tinnitus.

CONCLUSION: Our current work provides a new perspective for understanding the potential relationship between circulating proteasomes in the plasma and cognitive dysfunction, suggesting a novel, non-invasive biomarker in the context of MCI diagnosis.

PMID:32955464 | DOI:10.3233/JAD-200728

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:32955464

OTHER ID:
pmid:32955464,doi:10.3233/JAD-200728

PUBLICATION DATE:
Mon, 21 Sep 2020 06:00:00 -0400
2020-09-21

RETRIEVAL DATE :
09/21/20 06:39PM

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32955464/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=1raUxiGThRUW-m52df5Bb_DZzfOiKEExmPo2D4RXGu6sfr6ozK&fc=20200430165258&ff=20200921183919&v=2.11.5

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-200728

LINK – FULL TEXT:
Pending

NOTES:
None

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14992027.2020.1804081?journalCode=iija20

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32787604?dopt=Abstract

TITLE:
A comparison of the severity of tinnitus in patients with and without hearing loss using the tinnitus functional index (TFI).

DESCRIPTION:
A comparison of the severity of tinnitus in patients with and without hearing loss using the tinnitus functional index (TFI).

Int J Audiol. 2020 Aug 13;:1-7

Authors: Mahafza N, Zhao F, El Refaie A, Chen F

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the severity of tinnitus in tinnitus patients with and without hearing loss.

DESIGN AND STUDY SAMPLE: 73 tinnitus patients were included in this study at an audiology clinic in Amman, Jordan. Participants were assigned to two groups according to their hearing status. The severity of tinnitus was evaluated using the Tinnitus Functional Index questionnaire. All participants were interviewed, followed by an otoscopic examination, pure tone audiometry, and tests for admittance and tinnitus matching.

RESULTS: The normal hearing group included 34 participants (46.6%) whose TFI scores were divided as follows: mild annoyance (17), significant annoyance (14), and severe annoyance (3). The sensorineural loss group included 39 participants (53.4%) with mild annoyance (11), significant annoyance (12), and severe annoyance (16). A statistically significant association was found between hearing status and the severity of tinnitus using a Chi-Squared test (x2 = 0.487, p = 0.007). There was no association between tinnitus severity and age or gender.

CONCLUSION: Tinnitus severity was significantly worse in tinnitus patients with a hearing loss than tinnitus patients with normal hearing thresholds. This should be taken into consideration when clinicians are planning counselling and management protocols for individual patients.

PMID: 32787604 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

PMID:
PubMed:32787604

DATE FOUND:
08/14/20 06:03AM

LINK / URL:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32787604?dopt=Abstract

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301008220301489?via%3Dihub

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101893

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32783988/

TITLE:
Uncovering the Contribution of Enhanced Central Gain and Altered Cortical Oscillations to Tinnitus Generation

ALTERNATIVE TITLE:
None

DATE:
Thu, 13 Aug 2020 06:00:00 -0400

AUTHORS:
Sarah H Hayes,Ashley L Schormans,Gregory Sigel,Krystal Beh,Björn Herrmann,Brian L Allman

SOURCE:
Progress in neurobiology

DESCRIPTION:

Various theories and their associated mechanisms have been proposed as the neural basis of phantom sound perception (tinnitus), including central gain enhancement and altered cortical oscillations. However, it remains unknown whether these cortical changes directly cause tinnitus, or simply coexist with the phantom percept. Using chronically-implanted electrodes and drug delivery cannulae in rats, we examined whether enhanced central gain and cortical oscillations are consistent across different…

CONTENT:

Prog Neurobiol. 2020 Aug 9:101893. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101893. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Various theories and their associated mechanisms have been proposed as the neural basis of phantom sound perception (tinnitus), including central gain enhancement and altered cortical oscillations. However, it remains unknown whether these cortical changes directly cause tinnitus, or simply coexist with the phantom percept. Using chronically-implanted electrodes and drug delivery cannulae in rats, we examined whether enhanced central gain and cortical oscillations are consistent across different tinnitus induction methods (noise exposure; salicylate), and if directly-inducing enhanced central gain or altered cortical oscillations via pharmacologic manipulation of inhibition along the auditory pathway would cause behavioral evidence of tinnitus. We show that, while there appeared to be no clear link between tinnitus and the presence of enhanced sound-evoked cortical activity or altered spontaneous cortical oscillations, pharmacologic impairment of GABAergic neurotransmission in the auditory cortex was sufficient to cause tinnitus; collective findings which further advance our understanding of the neural basis of tinnitus.

PMID:32783988 | DOI:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101893

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:32783988

OTHER ID:
pmid:32783988,doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101893

PUBLICATION DATE:
Thu, 13 Aug 2020 06:00:00 -0400
2020-08-14

RETRIEVAL DATE :
08/13/20 11:53AM

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32783988/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=1raUxiGThRUW-m52df5Bb_DZzfOiKEExmPo2D4RXGu6sfr6ozK&fc=20200430165258&ff=20200813115305&v=2.11.5

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101893

LINK – FULL TEXT:
Pending

NOTES:
None

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32748247?dopt=Abstract

TITLE:
Analysis of cerebellum with magnetic resonance 3D T1 sequence in individuals with chronic subjective tinnitus.

DESCRIPTION:
Related Articles

Analysis of cerebellum with magnetic resonance 3D T1 sequence in individuals with chronic subjective tinnitus.

Acta Neurol Belg. 2020 Aug 03;:

Authors: Sahin C, Avnioglu S, Ozen O, Candan B

Abstract

Tinnitus is a symptom in which the patient can hear ringing, buzzing and similar sounds in the ear for 3 months longer. In our study, we aimed to analyse the cerebellum volume and cerebellum connections in patients with chronic tinnitus using VolBrain program. A total number of 10 patients and 10 otherwise healthy peoples records were then enrolled. Volumetric analysis was performed with automated segmentation of the cerebellum and its lobules, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The mean volumes of 10 cerebellar volume were compared between the tinnitus and control groups. Quadrangular lobular portion of the cerebellum, the flocculonodular part and the volume of the central cerebellar lobule were decreased in the tinnitus group. White and grey matter decreased and the amygdala size was increased. We found statistically important volumetric changes in our study. VolBrain can be used in the future for analysing, diagnosis and treatment tinnitus patients. We recommend to use this practical, free of charge and easy programme to analyse for tinnitus patients. This may provide us with practical and useful information about the disease. In patients with tinnitus, the volume loss was 17.48% in the quadrangular lobe, 21% in the central lobule, and 9.33% in the total cerebellum volume.

PMID: 32748247 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

PMID:
PubMed:32748247

DATE FOUND:
08/05/20 06:03AM

LINK / URL:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32748247?dopt=Abstract

https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/8/2412/htm

https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082412

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32731492/

TITLE:
Association between Hyperacusis and Tinnitus

ALTERNATIVE TITLE:
None

DATE:
Fri, 31 Jul 2020 06:00:00 -0400

AUTHORS:
Christopher R Cederroth,Alessandra Lugo,Niklas K Edvall,Andra Lazar,Jose-Antonio Lopez-Escamez,Jan Bulla,Inger Uhlen,Derek J Hoare,David M Baguley,Barbara Canlon,Silvano Gallus

SOURCE:
Journal of clinical medicine

DESCRIPTION:

Many individuals with tinnitus report experiencing hyperacusis (enhanced sensitivity to sounds). However, estimates of the association between hyperacusis and tinnitus is lacking. Here, we investigate this relationship in a Swedish study. A total of 3645 participants (1984 with tinnitus and 1661 without tinnitus) were enrolled via LifeGene, a study from the general Swedish population, aged 18-90 years, and provided information on socio-demographic characteristics, as well as presence of…

CONTENT:

J Clin Med. 2020 Jul 28;9(8):E2412. doi: 10.3390/jcm9082412.

ABSTRACT

Many individuals with tinnitus report experiencing hyperacusis (enhanced sensitivity to sounds). However, estimates of the association between hyperacusis and tinnitus is lacking. Here, we investigate this relationship in a Swedish study. A total of 3645 participants (1984 with tinnitus and 1661 without tinnitus) were enrolled via LifeGene, a study from the general Swedish population, aged 18-90 years, and provided information on socio-demographic characteristics, as well as presence of hyperacusis and its severity. Tinnitus presence and severity were self-reported or assessed using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). Phenotypes of tinnitus with (n = 1388) or without (n = 1044) hyperacusis were also compared. Of 1661 participants without tinnitus, 1098 (66.1%) were women and 563 were men (33.9%), and the mean (SD) age was 45.1 (12.9). Of 1984 participants with tinnitus, 1034 (52.1%) were women and 950 (47.9%) were men, and the mean (SD) age was 47.7 (14.0) years. Hyperacusis was associated with any tinnitus [Odds ratio (OR) 3.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.99-4.13], self-reported severe tinnitus (OR 7.43, 95% CI 5.06-10.9), and THI ≥ 58 (OR 12.1, 95% CI 7.06-20.6). The association with THI ≥ 58 was greater with increasing severity of hyperacusis, the ORs being 8.15 (95% CI 4.68-14.2) for moderate and 77.4 (95% CI 35.0-171.3) for severe hyperacusis. No difference between sexes was observed in the association between hyperacusis and tinnitus. The occurrence of hyperacusis in severe tinnitus is as high as 80%, showing a very tight relationship. Discriminating the pathophysiological mechanisms between the two conditions in cases of severe tinnitus will be challenging, and optimized study designs are necessary to better understand the mechanisms behind the strong relationship between hyperacusis and tinnitus.

PMID:32731492 | DOI:10.3390/jcm9082412

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:32731492

OTHER ID:
pmid:32731492,doi:10.3390/jcm9082412

PUBLICATION DATE:
Fri, 31 Jul 2020 06:00:00 -0400
2020-08-01

RETRIEVAL DATE :
07/31/20 12:03PM

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32731492/?utm_source=MS-Office&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=1raUxiGThRUW-m52df5Bb_DZzfOiKEExmPo2D4RXGu6sfr6ozK&fc=20200430165258&ff=20200731120336&v=2.11.4

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082412

LINK – FULL TEXT:
Pending

NOTES:
None

https://www.advancedotology.org/en/analysis-of-auditory-brainstem-response-change-according-to-tinnitus-duration-in-patients-with-tinnitus-with-normal-hearing-131546

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32784156?dopt=Abstract

TITLE:
Analysis of Auditory Brainstem Response Change, according to Tinnitus Duration, in Patients with Tinnitus with Normal Hearing.

DESCRIPTION:
Related Articles

Analysis of Auditory Brainstem Response Change, according to Tinnitus Duration, in Patients with Tinnitus with Normal Hearing.

J Int Adv Otol. 2020 Aug;16(2):190-196

Authors: Joo JW, Jeong YJ, Han MS, Chang YS, Rah YC, Choi J

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to analyze auditory brainstem response (ABR) waveforms of patients with tinnitus with normal hearing, according to tinnitus duration, and demonstrate the possible pathophysiological mechanisms of tinnitus.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2016 to December 2017, patients who presented to our hospital with tinnitus as their chief complaint were enrolled and reviewed retrospectively. Pure tone audiometry and ABR tests were performed. The patients were classified into three groups according to tinnitus duration: acute (<1 month), subacute (1-6 months), and chronic (>6 months). The amplitudes of waves I and V and the latencies of waves I, III, and V were evaluated. In this study, 177 ears of 128 patients with tinnitus with normal hearing were evaluated.

RESULTS: Wave V amplitude was significantly lower during the subacute phase than during the acute phase. The absolute latency value of wave V was greater during the subacute phase than during the acute phase. The interpeak latency I-V was significantly prolonged during the subacute phase compared with the acute and chronic phases. Wave V amplitude, wave V absolute latency, and interpeak latency I-V varied significantly between cases with a 1-month and 6-month tinnitus history.

CONCLUSION: The compensatory response to tinnitus decreased sharply after 1 month of symptoms. Early tinnitus identification and treatment initiation are recommended.

PMID: 32784156 [PubMed – in process]

PMID:
PubMed:32784156

DATE FOUND:
08/14/20 06:03AM

LINK / URL:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32784156?dopt=Abstract

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/np/2020/5285362/

Research Article | Open Access

Volume 2020 |Article ID 5285362 | 12 pages | https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5285362
Differences in Clinical Characteristics and Brain Activity between Patients with Low- and High-Frequency Tinnitus

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/np/2020/3949161/

https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3949161

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32774354/

TITLE:
Loss of Cochlear Ribbon Synapse Is a Critical Contributor to Chronic Salicylate Sodium Treatment-Induced Tinnitus without Change Hearing Threshold

ALTERNATIVE TITLE:
None

DATE:
Mon, 10 Aug 2020 06:00:00 -0400

AUTHORS:
Wei Zhang,Zhe Peng,ShuKui Yu,Qing-Ling Song,Teng-Fei Qu,Lu He,Ke Liu,Shu-Sheng Gong

SOURCE:
Neural plasticity

DESCRIPTION:

Tinnitus is a common auditory disease worldwide; it is estimated that more than 10% of all individuals experience this hearing disorder during their lifetime. Tinnitus is sometimes accompanied by hearing loss. However, hearing loss is not acquired in some other tinnitus generations. In this study, we injected adult rats with salicylate sodium (SS) (200 mg/kg/day for 10 days) and found no significant hearing threshold changes at 2, 4, 8, 12, 14, 16, 20, or 24 kHz (all p > 0.05). Tinnitus was…

CONTENT:

Neural Plast. 2020 Jul 25;2020:3949161. doi: 10.1155/2020/3949161. eCollection 2020.

ABSTRACT

Tinnitus is a common auditory disease worldwide; it is estimated that more than 10% of all individuals experience this hearing disorder during their lifetime. Tinnitus is sometimes accompanied by hearing loss. However, hearing loss is not acquired in some other tinnitus generations. In this study, we injected adult rats with salicylate sodium (SS) (200 mg/kg/day for 10 days) and found no significant hearing threshold changes at 2, 4, 8, 12, 14, 16, 20, or 24 kHz (all p > 0.05). Tinnitus was confirmed in the treated rats via Behaviour Testing of Acoustic Startle Response (ASR) and Gap Prepulse Inhibition Test of Acoustic Startle Reflex (GPIAS). A immunostaining study showed that there is significant loss of anti-CtBP2 puncta (a marker of cochlear inner hair cell (HC) ribbon synapses) in treated animals in apical, middle, and basal turns (all p < 0.05). The ABR wave I amplitudes were significantly reduced at 4, 8, 12, 14, 16, and 20 kHz (all p < 0.05). No significant losses of outer HCs, inner HCs, or HC cilia were observed (all p > 0.05). Thus, our study suggests that loss of cochlear inner HC ribbon synapse after SS exposure is a contributor to the development of tinnitus without changing hearing threshold.

PMID:32774354 | PMC:PMC7397434 | DOI:10.1155/2020/3949161

PUBMED ID:
pubmed:32774354

OTHER ID:
pmid:32774354,pmc:PMC7397434,doi:10.1155/2020/3949161

PUBLICATION DATE:
Mon, 10 Aug 2020 06:00:00 -0400
2020-08-11

RETRIEVAL DATE :
08/10/20 07:09PM

LINK – PUBMED:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32774354/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=1raUxiGThRUW-m52df5Bb_DZzfOiKEExmPo2D4RXGu6sfr6ozK&fc=20200430165258&ff=20200810190905&v=2.11.5

LINK – DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3949161

LINK – FULL TEXT:
Pending

NOTES:
None